1. In-Text Parenthetical Documentation
Research Paper *

2. Purpose of In-Text Documentation
#1- to give credit to a specific author(s) for his/her information
#2- to refer the reader to a listing on the Works Cited page
#3- to provide a specific place within a listing where the reader can find the specific fact/ quote you are citing

3. Where to Place In-Text Notes
Immediately after any quotation, paraphrase, or summary taken from a note card (but usually at the end of the sentence)
Yes- you may have multiple in-text notes per paragraph
If an entire paragraph’s ideas are from one source, you may place just one in-text note at the end of that paragraph.

4. How to Do In-Text Notes Each in-text note consists of two parts (A B).
Part A = author or title if no author
Part B = page # if a print source

5. How to Do Part A If an author(s) is provided, use his/her last name.
(Smith).
If there are just two authors, use both last names.
(Smith and McDonald).
If there are multiple authors, use the first last name listed on the book and et al.
(McDonald, et al.).

6. How to Do Part A
If there is no author, use the title of the book, magazine article, etc. instead.
Titles of books go in italics or underline, while titles of websites are in quotations.
List only the first three words of the title and then include three periods (…) to show there are more words in the title.
("Online Schools Leave…”).

7. How to Do Part B
If this information is from a print source, put the page number here.
Note that there is no page, p., or # here.
If you are citing an online source there will not be anything in part B.
(Smith 157).
(Smith and McDonald 12).
(McDonald et al. 203).

8. Sample In-Text Notes Works Cited Entry:
Adler, Jerry. “The Genius of the People.” Newsweek. 25 May 1997.
In-Text Note:
(Adler 7-8).
* this citation means the information came from pages 7-8 of Adler’s article.
*Note- This magazine was a print source, so page numbers are used.

9. Sample In-Text Notes Works Cited Entry:
“The Cold War Revisited: A Splintered
Germany.” 5 Nov <
coldwar.server.gov/index/cold.war/
countries/former.soviet/block/Germany/
germany.html.>
In-Text Note:
(“The Cold War…”).
*Note- This was a web source, so no page numbers are used. There is also no author.

10. Sample In-Text Notes Works Cited Entry:
Reid, T.R. “Druids Return to Stonehenge.”
Washington Post. 22 June June <
wp-srv/Wplate/ /22/045I idx.html>.
In-Text Note:
(Reid).
*Note- This was a web source, so no page numbers are used, but it has an author, so the website title isn’t needed.

11. Sample Research Paper Page
Sample in-text citations that correspond with citations on the works cited page