1. Bellringer Download today’s notes: End of War & Aftermath Notes
Study for quiz for 2 minutes!

2. How did WWII end in Europe?
Axis powers were losing by the beginning of 1943.
Allies defeated Italy and moved into Europe.
Operation Overlord- Allied invasion of France. Also called D-Day on June 6, 1944.
Landed on the beaches of Normandy – largest naval invasion in history.
Within a three months 2 million Allied troops were stationed in Europe.
Germans were fighting the Soviets on the Eastern front.
British and American troops reconquered France and pushed into Germany while the Soviets pushed into Germany from the east.
Germany surrenders on May 7, 1945 after Hitler commits suicide.

8. D-Day Video

9. How did WWII end in the Pacific?
The war with Japan continued after Germany surrendered. The U.S. was advancing but with many casualties on both sides.
Harry S. Truman (U.S. President after Roosevelt died) decided to use atomic weapons rather than invade the mainland of Japan.
Dropped a-bomb on Hiroshima August 6 and Nagasaki on August 9.
Both cities were leveled and thousands of people died immediately and in later months. Roughly 190,000 killed at Hiroshima and 80,000 killed in Nagasaki.
Japan surrendered on August 14, 1945.
The war was finally over.

10. Review!
1. Why is the invasion of Normandy considered a turning point in the war?
2. How did the fact that the Germans were also fighting the Soviets affect the outcome of D-Day?
3. How did the war end in the Pacific?

11. BIG Idea
Political tensions, suspicions, and a conflict of ideas led the United States and the Soviet Union into the Cold War.
Cold War– an ideological conflict between the U.S. and the Soviet Union that dominated world affairs until the end of the 1980s
“War of Words”

12. Tehran Conference Stalin, Roosevelt, Churchill – The Big Three
Soviet Union, U.S., Great Britain
Discussed final assault on Germany in Nov – British-American forces would meet Soviet forces in Germany along a north/south dividing line – Soviets would liberate Eastern Europe
Agreed to divide postwar Germany

13. Big Three

14. Yalta Conference Met in Feb. 1945
Allies faced the reality of the Soviets taking possession of Eastern and Central Europe
Stalin was suspicious of the Allies and wanted pro-Soviet governments along the border of the Soviet Union
However, Roosevelt wanted self-determination for Europe
Free elections
The issue of free elections caused a serious split between the U.S. and the Soviet Union
Agreed to create the United Nations
Agreed to divide Germany into four zones

15. Potsdam Conference July 1945 Began in mistrust
Harry Truman (president after Roosevelt died) demanded free elections but Stalin opposed– he wanted security for the Soviets and control of Eastern Europe
Agreed to hold trials for the leaders who committed crimes against humanity during the war – Nuremburg Trials

16. New Struggle A new struggle began
Allies though the Soviets were part of a worldwide Communist conspiracy
Soviets viewed Allies as part of a global capitalist expansion
Winston Churchill declared than an “iron curtain” had descended across the continent
The world was once again bitterly divided

18. Homework!
Read 17.5!