1. THE COLD WAR Key Figures

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
SS.912.A.6.8 Analyze the effects of the Red Scare on domestic United States policy
SS.912.A.6.10 Examine causes, course, and consequences of the early years of the Cold War (Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, NATO, Warsaw Pact)
SS.912.A.6.11 Examine the controversy surrounding the proliferation of nuclear technology in the United States and the world
SS.912.A.6.12 Examine causes, course, and consequences of the Korean War
SS.912.A.6.13 Analyze significant foreign policy events during the Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, and Nixon administrations

3. The U.S. and Allies Harry S. Truman:
33rd President of the United States
Helped to form the United Nations, NATO, the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund
Policy of communist containment started the Cold War
Initiated U.S. involvement in the Korean War.

4. The U.S. and Allies George Marshall:
Served as U.S. Army chief of staff
Secretary of State for Harry Truman
Crafted the "Marshall Plan" for European recovery
Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1953

5. The U.S. and Allies
Douglas MacArthur:
Commanded United Nations forces in Korea
Drove North Korean forces back north of the 38th parallel
Requested nuclear weapons against North Korea and China and was denied
Public criticism of the president’s decision prompted Truman to remove him from command

6. The U.S. and Allies Dwight D. Eisenhower: Supreme commander of NATO
34th President of the United States
Emphasized nuclear weapons and the threat of massive retaliation against the Soviet Union
Committed federal dollars to fighting Communists in Vietnam
Authorized CIA-sponsored coups in Iran and Guatemala.

7. The U.S. and Allies Winston Churchill:
Made the famous "Iron Curtain" speech, warning of Soviet domination in Eastern Europe
Believed nuclear arms would be a deterrent to Soviet aggression

8. The U.S. and Allies Chiang Kai-Shek:
Led the Chinese Republic during World War II
Forced from power by the Chinese Communists.
Served as President of the Republic of China on Taiwan

9. The U.S. and Allies Syngman Rhee:
Elected president of the Korean Provisional Government
Became South Korea’s first president in 1948.
Stayed in power after the Korean War and was re-elected twice
Overthrown by student uprising in

10. The USSR and Allies Joseph Stalin:
After WWII, became obsessed with the threat of an invasion from the West
Established Communist governments in many Eastern European countries, creating a "buffer zone" between Western Europe and "Mother Russia“
Ordered an economic blockade on the German city of Berlin

11. The USSR and Allies Mao Zedong:
Chairman of the People's Republic of China
Led the Chinese Communist Party in the Chinese Revolution
Led China’s "Great Leap Forward" and Cultural Revolution 

12. The USSR and Allies Kim Il Sung:
Became a guerrilla fighter against Japanese occupation.
Fought with the Soviet army during World War II
Became premier of North Korea,
Set in motion the Korean War.

13. Figures of McCarthy Era
Senator Joe McCarthy:
Republican Senator from Wisconsin
Made unsupported accusations against government officials of being Communist
Promoted the Red Scare.

14. Figures of McCarthy Era
J. Edgar Hoover:
Director of Federal Bureau of Investigation
Instituted strenuous agent- recruiting and advanced intelligence-gathering techniques.
Confronted gangsters, Nazis and Communists.
Ordered illegal surveillance against suspected enemies of the state and political opponents

15. Figures of McCarthy Era
Edward R. Murrow:
Radio and television news broadcaster
Gave eyewitness reports of WWII for CBS
Helped develop journalism for mass media
Hosted the television journalism program, See it Now, which did an exposé of Joe McCarthy