1. Molecular Biology Central Dogma DNA Structure Genetic Code Replication
Transcription
Translation

2. Molecular Biology DNA Structure Sugars Bases Phosphates Double Helix
Anti-parallel

3. Molecular Biology Genetic Code 4 bases / 20 amino acids codons
punctuation

4. Molecular Biology
Universal
Genetic
Code

5. Molecular Biology
Central Dogma states a hypothesis regarding information flow in cell
Replication - the copying of DNA or information for next generation
Transcription - the copying of information for use by the cell
Translation - the conversion of information into useful products -enzymes

6. Molecular Biology Replication Transcription Translation DNA mRNA
Protein
mRNA
tRNA
Ribosomes
RNA
Polymerase
DNA
Polymerase

7. Molecular Biology Replication replication is semi-conservative
replication occurs at replication fork
replication is discontinuous process
uses DNA polymerase
Uses RNA polymerase
requires a primer with free 3’-hydroxyl

8. Molecular Biology

9. Molecular Biology
The Meselson Stahl Experiment

10. Molecular Biology

11. Molecular Biology

12. Molecular Biology
Continuous/Discontinuous DNA Synthesis

13. Molecular Biology Transcription RNA polymerase promoters
produces messenger RNA (mRNA)
requires NO primer

14. Molecular Biology

15. Molecular Biology Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic mRNA
often polygenic
turns over quickly
translated almost immediately
Eukaryotic post transcription modification
Heterogenous introns & exons - excision of introns
mRNA stability – days to weeks
Addition of 5’ cap and 3’ polyadenylation

16. Molecular Biology Translation tRNA amino acid synthase ribosomes
initiation
termination

17. Molecular Biology

18. Molecular Biology DNA Sequence Analysis DNA coding (sense)
5’CCG ATG AAT GTC GAG CTA TCC TAC 3’
DNA non-coding (nonsense)(template)
3’GGC TAC TTA CAG CTC GAT AGG ATG 5’
mRNA
5’CCG AUG AAU GUC GAG CUA UCC UAC 3’