1. PEDIATRIC RADIOGRAPHY

2. Advance preparation
Communication- talk and explain in a way children can understand
Develops trust
Co-operation
Reduces chance of repeats
Age for 2-3 yrs
Advanced preparation helpful ( equipment and technique ready)

3. Intro+ Child/ Parent prep
1. Introduce yourself
2. Find out some history
Explain what you are going to do
Discuss immobilization needs / methods

4. Parents’ Role
3 roles
Observer in room- comforter/ supporter
Participant- assisting / immobilizing
Waiting outside room
Parent needs to understand the need for firm immobilization and repeats

5. Immobilization Pediatrics age range – infant – 12/ 14
Use short exposure times w/ high MA
Decrease image blurring to motion
Devices include:
Tam-em Board- helps w/ extremities
Pigg- O- Stat- upright chest/ abdomen
Posi- Tot

6. Other Devices Tape (be careful not to hurt skin) Sheets, towels
Sandbags
Radiolucient sponges
Compression bands
Stockinettes
Ace bandages

7. Steps to Mummify Infant
Ages 2-3
1. Place folded sheet on table in ½ or 1/3’s
2. Place pt in middle of sheet
Place rt arm along side body
Pull end of sheet near you across body tightly
3. Place lt arm along side body on top of sheet, bring free sheet over left arm to right side of pt body and around under the body

8. Steps, continued
4. complete wrapping process by pulling the sheet so pt can not free arms
5. Pull sheet and tape end
6. Tape around knees

9. Radiation Protection Proper immobilization High MA Short exposure time
Limited views
Close collimation
Lead aprons and half shields

10. Pre- exam Prep Necessary immobilization devices
IR , markers, technique set
Projections determined
2 techs determine roles

11. DR + CR Guidelines for Pediatrics
Collimation
Accurate Centering
Exposure factors
Evaluation of exposure index

12. Alternative ModalitiesCT
Ultrasound
MRI ( ADHD, autism)
Nuclear Medicine ( certain pathologies unique to newborns and young children)

13. Pediatric Pathologies: Chest
Aspiration
Asthma
Atelectasis
Bronchiectasis
Croup
Cystic fibrosis
Epiglottis
Hylaine membrane disease

14. Pediatric Pathologies: Skeletal
Hip Dyspasia
Hydrocephalus
Osgood –Schlatter disease
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Spina Bifida

15. Differences between children and adults
Mental development
Chest and abdomen the same circumference in NB
Pelvis - mostly cartilage
Abdominal organs higher in infants than older children
Hard to find ASIS or Iliac Crest in young child, can center 1 inch above umbilicus (bellybutton)
Exposure made as baby takes a breath to let out a cry

16. Flouroscopy Studies Parents usually accompany child
Explain equipment and sounds
Explain and demo Image Intensifier
Shown how they can watch on TV

17. Child Abuse BCS- Battered Child Syndrome (older term)
NAT- non-accidental trauma (current term)
It is not the technologist’s responsibility to make the judgement call