1. Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure: A Hands-On Workshop About the Presenter
1/14/2019
Josh Horstman is an independent statistical programming consultant and trainer based in Indianapolis with 20 years’ experience using SAS in the life sciences industry. He specializes in analyzing clinical trial data, and his clients have included major pharmaceutical corporations, biotech companies, and research organizations. Josh is a SAS Certified Advanced Programmer who loves coding as well as talking about coding at SAS Global Forum and other SAS User Group meetings.
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure

2. Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure
1/14/2019
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure
WUSS Hands-On Workshop Josh Horstman

3. INTRODUCTION TO SGPLOT
1/14/2019
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure
INTRODUCTION TO SGPLOT

4. Overview: The Output Delivery System (ODS)
1/14/2019
Prior to ODS, SAS limited to text-based “SAS listing” output
ODS output makes use of colors, fonts, graphics, and more!
ODS provides ability to produce output in various formats:
… and more!
ODS is part of the Base SAS product since version 7 (No separate license required)
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure

5. Overview: ODS Statistical Graphics
1/14/2019
An extension to ODS used to create analytical graphs
Introduced in SAS 9.2 as part of SAS/GRAPH (experimental in v9.1)
Moved into the Base SAS product in version 9.3
Based on the Graph Template Language (GTL)
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure

6. ODS Statistical Graphics – Components
1/14/2019
Graph Template Language (GTL) – comprehensive language for creating statistical graphics
ODS Graphics procedures – provide a procedural interface to most common features of GTL
ODS GRAPHICS statement – controls various graphic-related settings and options
ODS Graphics Editor – interactive tool for modifying graphs
ODS Graphics Designer – graphical interface for designing graphs
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure

7. ODS Statistical Graphics – Procedures
1/14/2019
SGPLOT – single-cell plots
SGPANEL – multiple-panel plots
SGSCATTER – advanced scatter plots
SGRENDER – render graphs written in GTL
SGDESIGN – used with ODS Graphics Designer
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure

8. Statistical Graphics vs. Legacy SAS/GRAPH
1/14/2019
SG Procedures
SAS/GRAPH
SGPLOT, SGPANEL, SGSCATTER, etc.
Based on templates
Creates image files
Use ODS GRAPHICS statement to control environment
Visual properties are set within the procedure
GPLOT, GCHART, GSLIDE, GBARLINE, GCONTOUR, etc.
Based on device drivers
Creates catalog entries
Use GOPTIONS statement to control environment
Many properties set with global statements such as AXIS, LEGEND, SYMBOL, etc.
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure

9. About ODS Destinations
1/14/2019
To create ODS graphs, a valid ODS destination must be open.
Build an “ODS sandwich” around your graph code.
For example, to output a graph to the PDF destination:
ods pdf file="c:\example.pdf";
<SG procedure code goes here...>;
ods pdf close;
Similar syntax for ODS HTML, ODS RTF, etc.
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure

10. Example Datasets
1/14/2019
Datasets in SASHELP library included with SAS – you already have them!
SASHELP.CLASS (Demographics on 19 students)
SASHELP.CARS (Data about 428 car models)
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure

11. More Example Datasets
1/14/2019
SASHELP.HEART (5,209 patients from a heart study)
SASHELP.STOCKS (Stock prices of IBM, Intel, & Microsoft)
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure

12. Basic SGPLOT Syntax
1/14/2019
proc sgplot data=<input-data-set> <options>; <one or more plot requests> <other optional statements> run;
There are dozens of plot request statements available – SCATTER, SERIES, VBOX, VBAR, HIGHLOW, BUBBLE, etc.
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure
Other optional statements control specific graph features – XAXIS, YAXIS, REFLINE, INSET, KEYLEGEND, etc.

13. SIMPLE PLOTS EXERCISES 1-11 1/14/2019
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure
SIMPLE PLOTS

14. The SCATTER Statement Creates a scatter plot.
1/14/2019
Creates a scatter plot.
proc sgplot data=<input-data-set> <options>;
scatter x=variable y=variable < / options>; run;
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure
X and Y are required arguments that specify the variables to plot.
Include a slash before specifying one or more options.

15. Exercise #1: Basic Scatter Plot
1/14/2019
Goal: Create a scatter plot of WEIGHT vs HEIGHT
Input: SASHELP.CLASS
Syntax:
SCATTER statement
X= argument
Y= argument
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure

16. Exercise #1: Basic Scatter Plot
1/14/2019
proc sgplot data=sashelp.class; scatter x=height y=weight; run;
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure

17. Specifies a variable used to group the data.
The GROUP= Option
1/14/2019
proc sgplot data=<input-data-set> <options>;
scatter x=variable y=variable
/ group=variable <more options>;
run;
Plot elements for each group value are automatically distinguished by different visual attributes.
GROUP= option available on almost every plot type.
Specifies a variable used to group the data.
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure

18. Exercise #2: Grouped Scatter Plot
1/14/2019
Goal: Create a scatter plot of WEIGHT vs HEIGHT, grouped by SEX
Input: SASHELP.CLASS
Syntax:
SCATTER statement
X= argument
Y= argument
GROUP= option
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure

19. Exercise #2: Grouped Scatter Plot
1/14/2019
Specifies a grouping variable
proc sgplot data=sashelp.class; scatter x=height y=weight / group=sex; run;
Legend automatically generated
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure
Alternative: Use BY statement to get separate graphs for each value.

20. Exercise #2: Grouped Scatter Plot - BONUS
1/14/2019
proc sgplot data=sashelp.class; scatter x=height y=weight / group=sex datalabel=name; run;
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure
Specifies a variable used to label each data point.

21. X and Y are required arguments that specify the variables to plot.
The BUBBLE Statement
1/14/2019
Creates a bubble plot.
proc sgplot data=<input-data-set> <options>;
bubble x=variable y=variable size=variable
< / options>;
run;
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure
X and Y are required arguments that specify the variables to plot.
SIZE is a required argument that specifies a variable that controls the size of the bubbles.

22. Exercise #3: Grouped Bubble Plot
1/14/2019
Goal: Create a bubble plot of WEIGHT vs. HEIGHT, grouped by SEX with bubbles sized by AGE.
Input: SASHELP.CLASS
Syntax:
BUBBLE statement
X= argument
Y= argument
SIZE= argument
GROUP= option
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure

23. Exercise #3: Grouped Bubble Plot
1/14/2019
proc sgplot data=sashelp.class; bubble x=height y=weight size=age / group=sex; run;
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure

24. X and Y are required arguments that specify the variables to plot.
The SERIES Statement
1/14/2019
Creates a line plot.
proc sgplot data=<input-data-set> <options>;
series x=variable y=variable < / options>;
run;
By default, only lines are shown, not the points themselves.
To add markers to points, use MARKERS option.
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure
X and Y are required arguments that specify the variables to plot.

25. Exercise #4: Grouped Series Plot
1/14/2019
Goal: Create a series plot of closing price (CLOSE) by date (DATE) grouped by company (STOCK). Add a title to your plot.
Input: SASHELP.STOCKS
Syntax:
SERIES statement
X= argument
Y= argument
GROUP= option
TITLE statement
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure

26. Exercise #4: Grouped Series Plot
1/14/2019
proc sgplot data=sashelp.stocks; title "Stock Prices "; series x=date y=close / group=stock; run;
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure

27. Use either X OR Y to specify values to plot along X or Y axis.
The HIGHLOW Statement
1/14/2019
Creates floating vertical or horizontal lines representing high and low values.
proc sgplot data=<input-data-set> <options>;
highlow x=variable | y=variable
high=variable low=variable < / options>;
run;
Add CLOSE= option to specify variable for a closing tick mark.
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure
Use either X OR Y to specify values to plot along X or Y axis.
Use both HIGH AND LOW to specify upper and lower values for the floating lines.

28. Exercise #5: High-Low Plot
1/14/2019
Goal: Create a high-low plot of monthly stock prices with closing ticks for the stock IBM during the year 2005.
Input: SASHELP.STOCKS
Syntax:
HIGHLOW statement
X= argument
HIGH= argument
LOW= argument
CLOSE= option
WHERE statement
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure

29. Exercise #5: High-Low Plot
HIGH and LOW specify endpoints of each bar.
1/14/2019
proc sgplot data=sashelp.stocks; where stock='IBM' and date >= "01jan2005"d; highlow x=date high=high low=low / close=close; run;
Use X= for vertical bars
or Y= for horizontal, but not both!
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure
CLOSE variable determines locations of closing ticks

30. Analysis variable must be numeric!
The HBOX Statement
1/14/2019
Creates a horizontal box plot.
proc sgplot data=<input-data-set> <options>;
hbox variable < / options>;
run;
Use CATEGORY= option to create a box for each distinct value of a category variable. (Can be combined with GROUPing.)
VBOX statement is analogous for vertical box plots.
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure
Analysis variable must be numeric!

31. Minimum Value Above Lower Fence Maximum Value Beneath Upper Fence
Anatomy of a Box Plot
1/14/2019
Distance between Q1 and Q3 is the Inter-Quartile Range (IQR) Q1
Mean Q3
Outlier
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure
Minimum Value Above Lower Fence
Median
Maximum Value Beneath Upper Fence
Values outside fence are considered outliers.
Lower Fence = Q1 – 1.5*IQR Upper Fence = Q *IQR

32. Exercise #6: Horizontal Box Plot
1/14/2019
Goal: Create a horizontal box plot of vehicle price (MSRP) by vehicle type (TYPE).
Input: SASHELP.CARS
Syntax:
HBOX statement
Numeric analysis variable
CATEGORY= option
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure

33. Exercise #6: Horizontal Box Plot
1/14/2019
proc sgplot data=sashelp.cars; title "Price by Car Type"; hbox msrp / category=type; run;
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure

34. The VBAR Statement
1/14/2019
Creates a vertical bar chart.
proc sgplot data=<input-data-set> <options>;
vbar categorical-variable < / options>;
run;
RESPONSE= option specifies response variable to control length of bars. (Otherwise, bars represent frequency counts.)
STAT= option specifies statistic for length of bars (Default is SUM when RESPONSE variable is included, FREQ otherwise.)
HBAR statement is analogous for horizontal bar charts.
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure

35. Exercise #7: Vertical Bar Chart
1/14/2019
Goal: Create a vertical bar chart of mean engine size (ENGINESIZE) by vehicle origin (ORIGIN).
Input: SASHELP.CARS
Syntax:
VBAR statement
Categorical variable
RESPONSE= option
STAT= option
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure

36. Exercise #7: Vertical Bar Chart
1/14/2019
proc sgplot data=sashelp.cars; title "Mean Engine Size by Origin"; vbar origin / response=enginesize stat=mean; run;
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure

37. Exercise #7: Vertical Bar Chart - BONUS
1/14/2019
proc sgplot data=sashelp.cars; title "Mean Engine Size by Origin"; vbar origin / response=enginesize stat=mean limits=both; run;
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure
LIMITS= option adds upper limits, lower limits, or both.
LIMITSTAT= option specifies statistics (default is confidence limits).

38. The GROUP= Option
1/14/2019
proc sgplot data=<input-data-set> <options>;
vbar categorical-variable
/ group=variable <more options>;
run;
GROUP= option will create a bar for each distinct value of a grouping variable, within each category.
Use GROUPDISPLAY= to specify how bars are grouped (CLUSTER or STACK)
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure

39. Exercise #8: Grouped Vertical Bar Chart
1/14/2019
Goal: Create a vertical bar chart of mean engine size (ENGINESIZE) by vehicle type (TYPE) and grouped into clusters by vehicle origin (ORIGIN).
Input: SASHELP.CARS
Syntax:
VBAR statement
Categorical variable
RESPONSE= option
STAT= option
GROUP= option
GROUPDISPLAY= option
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure

40. Exercise #8: Grouped Vertical Bar Chart
1/14/2019
proc sgplot data=sashelp.cars; title "Mean Engine Size by Type and Origin"; vbar type / response=enginesize stat=mean group=origin groupdisplay=cluster; run;
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure

41. Exercise #8: Grouped Vertical Bar Chart - BONUS
1/14/2019
proc sgplot data=sashelp.cars; title "Mean Engine Size by Type and Origin"; vbar type / response=enginesize stat=mean group=origin groupdisplay=stack; run;
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure
To stack the bars, use the GROUPDISPLAY= option with a value of STACK instead of CLUSTER.

42. X and Y are required arguments that specify the variables to plot.
The HEATMAP Statement
1/14/2019
Color-codes rectangles based on two-dimensional binning of data.
proc sgplot data=<input-data-set> <options>;
heatmap x=variable y=variable < / options>;
run;
Options are available to control the size and/or number of bins in each dimension as well as the colors used.
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure
X and Y are required arguments that specify the variables to plot.

43. Exercise #9: Heat Map
1/14/2019
Goal: Create a heat map of CHOLESTEROL vs. WEIGHT.
Input: SASHELP.HEART
Syntax:
HEATMAP statement
X= option
Y= option
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure

44. Exercise #9: Heat Map
1/14/2019
Bins are colored according to frequency count.
proc sgplot data=sashelp.heart; heatmap x=weight y=cholesterol; run;
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure
Data are grouped into bins in two dimensions.

45. Exercise #9: Heat Map - BONUS
1/14/2019
proc sgplot data=sashelp.heart; heatmap x=weight y=cholesterol / nxbins=50 nybins=50; run;
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure
Specify 50 bins in the X dimension and 50 bins in the Y dimension (2500 total rectangles).

46. The VLINE Statement
1/14/2019
Creates a vertical line chart (line is horizontal).
proc sgplot data=<input-data-set> <options>;
vline categorical-variable < / options>;
run;
VLINE plots statistics, SERIES plots raw data points
RESPONSE= and STAT= options are similar to VBAR
HLINE statement is analogous for horizontal line charts.
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure

47. Exercise #10: Grouped Vertical Line Chart
1/14/2019
Goal: Create a vertical line chart of mean HEIGHT by AGE grouped by SEX and include plot markers.
Input: SASHELP.CLASS
Syntax:
VLINE statement
Categorical variables
RESPONSE= option
STAT= option
GROUP= option
MARKERS options
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure

48. Exercise #10: Grouped Vertical Line Chart
1/14/2019
proc sgplot data=sashelp.class; title "Height by Age and Sex"; vline age / response=height stat=mean markers group=sex; run;
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure

49. Exercise #10: Grouped Vertical Line Chart - BONUS
1/14/2019
proc sgplot data=sashelp.class; title "Height by Age and Sex"; vline age / response=height stat=mean markers group=sex limits=both; run;
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure
Adds confidence limits

50. X and Y are required arguments that specify the variables to plot.
The REG Statement
1/14/2019
Fits a regression line or curve.
proc sgplot data=<input-data-set> <options>;
reg x=variable y=variable < / options>;
run;
Includes both plot markers and line by default.
Remove markers with NOMARKERS option.
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure
X and Y are required arguments that specify the variables to plot.

51. Exercise #11: Regression Plot
1/14/2019
Goal: Create a regression plot of WEIGHT vs. HEIGHT.
Input: SASHELP.CLASS
Syntax:
REG statement
X= option
Y= option
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure

52. Exercise #11: Regression Plot
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proc sgplot data=sashelp.class; title "Height vs. Weight"; reg x=height y=weight; run;
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure

53. Exercise #11: Regression Plot - BONUS
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proc sgplot data=sashelp.class; title "Height vs. Weight"; reg x=height y=weight / clm cli; run;
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure
CLM adds confidence limits. CLI adds prediction limits.

54. COMBINATION PLOTS EXERCISES 12-14 1/14/2019
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure
COMBINATION PLOTS

55. About Combination Plots
1/14/2019
proc sgplot data=<input-data-set> <options>;
<plot-request-statement-1>
<plot-request-statement-2>
<plot-request-statement-3>
...
<other optional statements>
run;
All plots are overlaid atop one another in the same graph space and using the same axis system.
Combination plots are created when more than one plot statement is used.
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure

56. The HISTOGRAM and DENSITY Statements
1/14/2019
HISTOGRAM creates a histogram.
DENSITY creates a density curve.
proc sgplot data=<input-data-set> <options>;
histogram response-variable < / options>;
density response-variable < / options>;
run;
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure

57. Exercise #12: Histogram and Density Plot
1/14/2019
Goal: Create a combination plot including both a histogram and density plot of WEIGHT. Suppress the automatic legend.
Input: SASHELP.HEART
Syntax:
HISTOGRAM statement
Response variable
DENSITY statement
NOAUTOLEGEND option (on PROC SGPLOT)
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure

58. Exercise #12: Histogram and Density Plot
1/14/2019
Suppress automatic legend
proc sgplot data=sashelp.heart noautolegend; title "Weight Distribution of Patients"; histogram weight; density weight; run;
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure
Two plot statements are used. Either could have been used separately.
Density is drawn on top of histogram because it appears later in SGPLOT.

59. Exercise #13: Layered Vertical Bar Chart
1/14/2019
Goal: Create a layered vertical bar chart showing both city (MPG_CITY) and highway mileage (MPG_HIGHWAY) by type.
Input: SASHELP.CARS
Syntax:
VBAR statement (twice!)
Categorical variable
RESPONSE= option
STAT= option
BARWIDTH=0.5 option (only on second VBAR)
Statistical Graphics (SG) Procedures

60. Exercise #13: Layered Vertical Bar Chart
1/14/2019
proc sgplot data=sashelp.cars; title 'Mileage by Type'; vbar type / response=mpg_city stat=mean; vbar type / response=mpg_highway stat=mean barwidth=0.5; run;
Statistical Graphics (SG) Procedures
Decrease bar width to 50%
MPG_HIGHWAY is layered over MPG_CITY because we plotted MPG_HIGHWAY second.

61. The VBARBASIC and HBARBASIC Statements
1/14/2019
proc sgplot data=sashelp.class;
vbar age / response=height stat=mean;
scatter x=height y=age;
run;
ERROR: Attempting to overlay incompatible plot or chart types.
Some combinations of plot statements are not allowed
To combine VBAR or HBAR with basic plot types (such as SCATTER, SERIES, etc.), use VBARBASIC or HBARBASIC.
Statistical Graphics (SG) Procedures

62. Multiple Axis Systems in Combination Plots
1/14/2019
By default, all plots requests use a common set of axes
Use the X2AXIS and/or Y2AXIS options on a plot statement to use the secondary axes.
Secondary X Axis
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure
Primary Y Axis
Secondary Y Axis
Primary X Axis

63. Exercise #14: Bar and Line Chart
1/14/2019
Goal: Combine a series plot of closing price and a vertical bar chart of trading volume for monthly IBM stock data for 2005.
Input: SASHELP.STOCKS
Syntax:
VBARBASIC statement
Categorical variable
RESPONSE= option
Y2AXIS option
SERIES statement
X= and Y= arguments
MARKERS option
WHERE statement
Statistical Graphics (SG) Procedures

64. Exercise #14: Bar and Line Chart
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proc sgplot data=sashelp.stocks; title IBM Stock Price and Volume for 2005'; where stock='IBM' and year(date)=2005; vbarbasic date / response=volume y2axis; series x=date y=close / markers; run;
Statistical Graphics (SG) Procedures

65. 1/14/2019
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure
WRAP-UP

66. Conclusion The SGPLOT procedure is extremely versatile.
1/14/2019
The SGPLOT procedure is extremely versatile.
Presentation-ready graphics with minimal coding.
We've only scratched the surface! Dozens more statements and hundreds more options provide:
Complete customization of plot symbols, lines, labels, titles, axes, legends and much more
Advanced features like axis tables and attribute maps
Custom annotation facility
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure

67. Recommended Resources
1/14/2019
SAS 9.4 ODS Graphics: Procedures Guide, Sixth Edition (SAS Press, 2016) View in browser at Download PDF free at
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure

68. Recommended Resources
1/14/2019
Over 30,000 SAS User Group papers available free online at
40+ years of papers from SAS Global Forum (formerly SUGI), PharmaSUG, and regional conferences (WUSS, MWSUG, etc.)
Fully searchable database
Includes many papers authored by SAS staff including ODS Statistical Graphics experts such as Dan Heath, Warren Kuhfeld, Sanjay Matange, Cynthia Zender, and others.
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure

69. Contact Information
1/14/2019
Thank you for attending! Feel free to contact me with questions or comments: Josh Horstman Nested Loop Consulting
Getting Started with the SGPLOT Procedure