1. Effects of three different L-type Ca2+entry blockers on airway constriction induced by muscarinic receptor stimulation 
K Hirota, E Hashiba, H Yoshioka, S Kabara, A Matsuki 
British Journal of Anaesthesia 
Volume 90, Issue 5, Pages (May 2003)
DOI: /bja/aeg118
Copyright © 2003 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
Relaxant effects of nifedipine, diltiazem and verapamil on tracheal smooth muscle contraction elicited by carbachol. Nifedipine (closed circle) and diltiazem (open circle) inhibited contraction in a concentration-dependent manner. Whilst verapamil also concentration-dependently inhibited contraction (closed square), the tension re-increased after maximal relaxation (represented by an open triangle). Values are mean (sem).
British Journal of Anaesthesia  , DOI: ( /bja/aeg118)
Copyright © 2003 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

3. Fig 2
(a) Effects of nicardipine, diltiazem and verapamil on methacholine (Mch)-induced bronchoconstriction assessed by measuring changes in bronchial cross-sectional area. Pre=before Mch infusion; Mch30=30 min after Mch infusion started; PPL=propranolol. **P<0.01 compared with Mch30. (b) Dose–response curves of nicardipine, diltiazem and verapamil for Mch-induced bronchoconstriction. 100%=bronchial cross-sectional area at Pre (full relaxation); 0%=bronchial cross-sectional area at Mch30 (peak Mch-bronchoconstriction). Values are mean (sem).
British Journal of Anaesthesia  , DOI: ( /bja/aeg118)
Copyright © 2003 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions