1. 13.4
A Flawed Peace
Allies’ conference table, Treaty of Versailles; Paris, 1919

2. The Allies Meet at Versailles
13.4
The Allies Meet at Versailles
•The Big Four dominate Paris Peace Conference:
Woodrow Wilson, United States
Georges Clemenceau, France
David Lloyd George, Great Britain
Vittorio Orlando, Italy
Wilson’s Plan for Peace
Fourteen Points—outline for lasting world peace
free trade
End secret alliances and reduce militaries
self-determination—right of people to govern own nation
International peace-keeping body to settle world disputes
George, Orlando, Clemenceau, & Wilson

3. MILITARY RESTRICTIONS
The Treaty of Versailles
Britain, France oppose Wilson’s ideas; want to punish Germany
June 1919: Allies, Germany sign Treaty of Versailles
LEAGUE OF NATIONS
International peace organization
32 Allied & neutral countries
Germany & Russia excluded
TERRITORIAL LOSSES
Germany:
Return Alsace-Lorraine
Surrender all overseas colonies
MILITARY RESTRICTIONS
Size of German army limited & cannot:
Import or manufacture weapons or submarine
Have an air force
“WAR GUILT” CLAUSE
Article 231
Germany must take sole responsibility for war
pay reparations: $33 billion over 30 years
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4. The Creation of New Nations
Treaties change geography of Europe
Central Powers lose territory
Ottoman Empire in SW → mandates
Russia gives up territory
New countries in Eastern Europe
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5. Treaty causes bitterness on both sides:
“War Guilt” Clause: Germany feels betrayed
U.S. rejected Treaty, favors isolationism
Former colonies angry over not winning independence
Japan, Italy did not gain much territory
NUMBER OF TROOPS MOBILIZED
WORLD WAR I DEATHS
The Legacy of the War: The Lost Generation
8.5 million soldiers killed, 21 million wounded
Massive civilian casualties
$338 billion
Destruction of land, cities, and industrial centers