1. Topic 2 Content-language relationships: content obligatory language

2. Content-language relationships: 2 key concepts
Content obligatory language (and vocabulary)
Text structures  Knowledge structures

3. 1. Content-obligatory vocabulary and language
obligatory = necessary, essential i.e. a must
Content-obligatory vocabulary = subject-specific vocabulary e.g. vertebrates, scales, mass, metabolism, cells, neutralization, photosynthesis, solutions, transpiration, respiration
Content-obligatory language = language of knowledge structures

4. 1. Content-obligatory vocabulary and language
Sunlight
Carbon
dioxide +
Water +
Oxygen
Food
Chlorophyll
Content-obligatory vocabulary (subject-specific vocabulary):
carbon dioxide, water, sunlight, chlorophyll, oxygen, food
 Knowledge relationships ?
Carbon dioxide plus water because of / together with sunlight and chlorophyll give oxygen and food.
 Knowledge structure of process ?  

5. 1. Content-obligatory vocabulary and language
Content-obligatory language (written text):
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants make food and produce oxygen. They do this by using carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll.
Knowledge structure of process?
The language of process explanation (sequence + cause-effect), not just vocabulary 

6. 1. Content-obligatory vocabulary and language
Carbon
dioxide +
Water
Sunlight
Chlorophyll
Oxygen
Food
Content-obligatory language (spoken explanation):
This flow chart shows the process of photosynthesis. It shows what happens when photosynthesis takes place. Plants rely on photosynthesis to make themselves food. Oxygen is also produced in photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is made up of two words: photo and synthesis. Photo means light, synthesis means putting things together to make something new. So photosynthesis means using light to put things together to make something new. In photosynthesis, plants use sunlight and chlorophyll to turn carbon dioxide and water into food and oxygen…
 Knowledge structure and language of process ? 

7. 1. Content-obligatory vocabulary and language
Obligatory = essential, necessary
Content-obligatory vocabulary / language =
words and text essential / necessary to content
Essential language at word (vocabulary) level +
text structure (knowledge structure) level