2. Regarding sector employment in MDCs and LDCs over the last 100 years, it is true that:
the primary sector has increased in MDCs.
the tertiary sector has decreased in MDCs.
the primary sector has trended slightly lower in LDCs.
the tertiary sector has increased in LDCs.
the secondary sector has decreased in LDCs.

3. Regarding sector employment in MDCs and LDCs over the last 100 years, it is true that:
the primary sector has increased in MDCs.
the tertiary sector has decreased in MDCs.
the primary sector has trended slightly lower in LDCs.
the tertiary sector has increased in LDCs.
the secondary sector has decreased in LDCs.
Answer: C
Difficulty Level: 3
Text Reference: 9.1
U.S. Geography Standard: 3, 11, 13, & 18
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome 9.25: Describe ways in which differences of development have narrowed or stayed wide.
Explanation:
Changes in agriculture and mining, e.g., engineered seeds, machinery, and irrigation, have begun to displace LDC workers from the primary sector.

4. FIGURE 9-5 ECONOMIC STRUCTURE The percentage of GNI contributed, by type of job.

5. According to Rostow’s development model, a country with a lot of heavy industry that uses modern technology is in
stage 1, traditional society.
stage 2, preconditions to takeoff.
stage 3, takeoff.
stage 4, drive to maturity.
stage 5, age of mass consumption.

6. According to Rostow’s development model, a country with a lot of heavy industry that uses modern technology is in
stage 1, traditional society.
stage 2, preconditions to takeoff.
stage 3, takeoff.
stage 4, drive to maturity.
stage 5, age of mass consumption.
Answer: D
Difficulty Level: 3
Text Reference: 9.4
U.S. Geography Standard: 3, 11, & 18
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: N/A
Explanation:
Heavy industry is the hallmark of Rostow’s fourth stage.

7. The self-sufficiency approach to development
has been supported by the United States.
relies on free trade with more developed countries.
has been the preferred approach for economic development over the last two decades.
frequently suffers from inefficiency.
relies on market forces with little guidance from government.

8. The self-sufficiency approach to development
has been supported by the United States.
relies on free trade with more developed countries.
has been the preferred approach for economic development over the last two decades.
frequently suffers from inefficiency.
relies on market forces with little guidance from government.
Answer: D
Difficulty Level: 3
Text Reference: 9.4
U.S. Geography Standard: 3, 11, 13, & 18
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome 9.19: Analyze shortcomings of the self-sufficiency model.
Explanation:
Economies seeking self-sufficiency often suffer from the related problems of large bureaucracies and inefficiency.

9. Which of the following is among the factors considered when calculating a country’s Human Development Index score?
average affluence rate
crude birth rate
literacy rate
sulfate emissions per capita
telephones per capita

10. Which of the following is among the factors considered when calculating a country’s Human Development Index score?
average affluence rate
crude birth rate
literacy rate
sulfate emissions per capita
telephones per capita
Answer: C
Difficulty Level: 3
Text Reference: 9.1
U.S. Geography Standard: 3, 11, & 18
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome 9.3: Identify the HDI access to knowledge factor.
Explanation:
A country’s HDI score is based on four factors: GDP, literacy, education, and life expectancy.

11. FIGURE 9-2 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX (HDI) Developed countries are those with very high developed scores in The other classes are for developing countries.

12. Foreign debt as a percentage of income is highest in
Africa.
East Asia.
Eastern Europe.
Middle East.
South America.

13. Foreign debt as a percentage of income is highest in
Africa.
East Asia.
Eastern Europe.
Middle East.
South America.
Explanation:
While South American countries have accumulated the largest debts, the ratio of debt to annual income is highest in Africa.
Answer: A
Difficulty Level: 3
Text Reference: 9.4
U.S. Geography Standard: 3, 11, 13, & 18
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome 9.22: Explain problems with financing development in developing countries.

14. FIGURE 9-57 DEBT AS A PERCENT AGE OF GNI Developed countries have joined developing countries in accumulating substantial debts.

15. Which of the following is among the factors considered when calculating a country’s Gender Empowerment Measure?
number of women in elite professional sports
balance of women to men working as real estate agents
media image fairness
number of women elected to government
access to family planning and abortion

16. Which of the following is among the factors considered when calculating a country’s Gender Empowerment Measure?
number of women in elite professional sports
balance of women to men working as real estate agents
media image fairness
number of women elected to government
access to family planning and abortion
Answer: D
Difficulty Level: 3
Text Reference: 9.2
U.S. Geography Standard: 3, 11, 13, & 18
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome 9.4: Describe the UN’s measure of gender inequality.
Explanation:
GEM reflects women’s access to power and decision making.

17. FIGURE 9-18 EMPOWERMENT : WOMEN IN THE NATIONAL LEGISLATURE The highest numbers of women in national legislature are in Europe, and the lowest numbers are in Southwest Asia & North Africa.

18. Structural adjustment programs
promote greater transparency in government development planning and spending.
arrange for structural engineers to consult in LDCs.
are designed and implemented by community focus groups.
have been criticized for spending scarce development funds inefficient industries.
seek to align the interests of farmers and consumers through fair trade labeling.

19. Structural adjustment programs
promote greater transparency in government development planning and spending.
arrange for structural engineers to consult in LDCs.
are designed and implemented by community focus groups.
have been criticized for spending scarce development funds inefficient industries.
seek to align the interests of farmers and consumers through fair trade labeling.
Answer: A
Difficulty Level: 3
Text Reference: 9.4
U.S. Geography Standard: 11 & 18
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome 9.22: Explain the problems with financing development in developed countries.
Explanation:
The IMF, World Bank, and MDCs commonly require structural adjustment programs before making or adjusting loans.

20. In terms of economic sectors, Wal-Mart has an effect on the
primary sector as one of the largest purchasers of agricultural goods.
secondary sector because of the factories it owns around the world.
secondary sector because of the way it manages its farms, forests, and mines.
tertiary sector because of its recent expansion into steel and auto production.
tertiary sector because it pays higher wages than other service sector employers.

21. In terms of economic sectors, Wal-Mart has an effect on the
primary sector as one of the largest purchasers of agricultural goods.
secondary sector because of the factories it owns around the world.
secondary sector because of the way it manages its farms, forests, and mines.
tertiary sector because of its recent expansion into steel and auto production.
tertiary sector because it pays higher wages than other service sector employers.
Answer: A
Difficulty Level: 3
Text Reference: 9.1
U.S. Geography Standard: 3, 11, & 18
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: N/A
Explanation:
Wal-Mart, the second largest grocer in the U.S., has an effect on all three economic sectors.

22. The Gender-Related Development Index is lowest in
East Asia.
Eastern Europe.
North America.
South America.
Sub-Saharan Africa.

23. The Gender-Related Development Index is lowest in
East Asia.
Eastern Europe.
North America.
South America.
Sub-Saharan Africa.
Explanation:
Like HDI, GDI combines measures of income, literacy, education, and life expectancy in order to discern where women are treated as well as men.
Answer: E
Difficulty Level: 2
Text Reference: 9.2
U.S. Geography Standard: 3, 11, 13, & 18
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome 9.4: Describe the UN’s measure of gender inequality.

24. FIGURE 9-17 GENDER INEQUALITY INDEX (GII) The lowest GII numbers and therefore the least inequality are in Europe, and the highest numbers are in sub-Saharan Africa.

25. All of the following statements about the World Trade Organization are true, except
it promotes capitalist economic development.
its member states account for roughly 70 percent of world trade.
it seeks to lower tariffs.
it adjudicates accusations of unfair trade practices.
critics charge it is anti-democratic and compromises sovereignty.

26. All of the following statements about the World Trade Organization are true, except
it promotes capitalist economic development.
its member states account for roughly 70 percent of world trade.
it seeks to lower tariffs.
it adjudicates accusations of unfair trade practices.
critics charge it is anti-democratic and compromises sovereignty
Answer: B
Difficulty Level: 3
Text Reference: 9.4
U.S. Geography Standard: 11 & 13
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: N/A
Explanation:
WTO members account for nearly 100% of world trade.

27. The greatest proportion of energy use in the United States involves
Petroleum
Coal
Natural gas
Nuclear power
Hydroelectric power

28. The greatest proportion of energy use in the United States involves
Petroleum
Coal
Natural gas
Nuclear power
Hydroelectric power
Explanation:
The United States consumes a large amount of the world’s petroleum. The United States generates electricity in a variety of ways.
Answer: A
Difficulty Level: 3
Text Reference: 9.3
U.S. Geography Standard: 11 & 13
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome 9.6: Explain the principle sources of demand for fossil fuels.

29. FIGURE 9-26 CHANGING U.S. ENERGY DEMAND Coal was the principal energy source in the nineteenth century. Petroleum and natural gas became important in the twentieth century.

30. Which region produces the smallest amount of petroleum?
Middle East
Europe
North America
South America

31. Which region produces the smallest amount of petroleum?
Middle East
Europe
North America
South America
Explanation:
Europe must import a large percentage of its petroleum.
Answer: B
Difficulty Level: 3
Text Reference: 9.3
U.S. Geography Standard: 11
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Learning Outcome 9.8: Describe the distribution of the production of petroleum.

32. FIGURE 9-31 PETROLEUM PRODUCTION Russia, Saudi Arabia, and the United States are the leading producers of petroleum.