1. The Road to Civil War
USH8

2. SSUSH8 Explore the relationship between slavery, growing north-south divisions, and westward expansion that led to the outbreak of the Civil War.
a. Explain the impact of the Missouri Compromise on the admission of states from the Louisiana Territory. b. Examine James K. Polk’s presidency in the fulfillment of Manifest Destiny including the Texas annexation and Oregon. \ c. Analyze the impact of the Mexican War on growing sectionalism. d. Explain how the Compromise of 1850 arose out of territorial expansion and population growth. e. Evaluate the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the failure of popular sovereignty, Scott v. Sanford, John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, and the election of 1860 as events leading to the Civil War.

3. The Road to Civil War
The territory purchased in the Louisiana Purchase Population growth Territories wanted to become states Missouri = 1st territory to want to become a state

7. Congress wanted to maintain a perfect balance between free and slave states The Senate was evenly balanced between free and slave states For a bill to become a law, it had to be passed by both bodies of the legislature The Senate prevented either region of the country from mandating policy concerning the contentious slavery issue

9. Missouri Compromise Slavery was common in the Missouri Territory
If Missouri became a slave state it would throw of the balance between slave and free states
Henry Clay (the Great Compromiser) came up with the compromise to settle the issue of Missouri- it was called the
Missouri Compromise

12. President James Polk
11th president of the USA during the Annexation of Texas and the Mexican-American War Westward Expansion! Democrat ?v=IhV-t-EoBGs

13. Manifest Destiny and Westward Expansion
The Louisiana Purchase in doubled the size of America's land Florida- acquired in 1819 from Spain By 1850, Americans had settled California, Oregon, and Washington on the Pacific coast The process of settlement took: 150 years to reach the Appalachians 50 years to reach the Mississippi River 30 years to settle the Pacific states In 230 years, Americans had come to dominate the continent

14. American Progress by John Gast depicts the concept of Manifest Destiny

15. 3 factors encouraged families in the eastern states to move into the Midwest/ west
1st- American Indians were removed from the region 2nd- land speculators had large tracts of land to sell 3rd- Infrastructure moved westward making it easier to migrate west.

16. Texas Annexation
Annexation= adding to something larger, especially the incorporation of new territory

17. Mexico wins independence from Spain in 1821
Texas belonged to Mexico
Mexico encouraged Americans to move to Texas 1820’s
Americans soon outnumbered Mexicans in Texas
Texas declared independence from Mexico
The U.S. annexed Texas and Texas became a U.S. state (slave) 1845

18. The Mexican American War -1846
USA annexed Texas U.S. disputed the border with Mexico
Mexico loses present day California, Utah, Nevada, Arizona, and New Mexico to the USA
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ends the war

19. Growing Sectionalism after the War
The victory in the Mexican War soon pitted the North and South against one another as the United States wrestled with the slavery issue in the newly acquired lands. Sectionalism became even more bitter and the United States was quickly headed down a path towards Civil War.

20. Oregon joins the USA Had been mapped by Lewis and Clark
Included present day Oregon, Idaho, Washington, Wyoming, Montana, and parts of Canadian British Columbia.
The Oregon Treaty was signed with Great Britain dividing the land between the two countries.
The U.S. has achieved its goal
of Manifest Destiny!!!!

21. The Compromise of 1850
The expansion of U.S. territory and population growth in the West continued to fuel political tensions between free states and slave states over the extension of slavery Many believed the issue of slavery threatened the survival of the nation

22. The Compromise of 1850
Those who favored slavery and those who opposed slavery agreed to a compromise to settle this issue (for now):
California was admitted as a free state
2) Utah Territory and New Mexico Territory were organized with slavery to be decided by popular sovereignty
Texas’s boundaries were established and the federal government assumed Texas’s pre-annexation debts
4) the slave trade was abolished in Washington, D.C.
5) the Fugitive Slave Act was strengthened.

24. The Kansas Nebraska Act- 1854
Congress wanted to create the territories of Kansas and Nebraska It was decided that slavery would be settled by Popular Sovereignty Northerners argued this was a violation of the Missouri Compromise Pro and anti-slavery groups rushed to Kansas to vote (extremists on both sides)

25. The Kansas and Nebraska Act-,1854
Allowed the citizens of the territory to decide whether or not slavery would be allowed (popular sovereignty) (rule by the people

26. John Brown’s Raid on Harpers Ferry
John Brown was an abolitionist
He wants to start an armed slave revolt and destroy
the institution of slavery
He led 18 men on an attack of the federal arsenal at
Harpers Ferry
He plan failed. Many admired his zeal and courage, but recognized the raid as failure before it began.

27. Dred Scott

28. Dred Scott vs. Sanford
A slave who had lived in slave states and free states
Believed he should legally be free
His case went all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court where the court ruled against Dred Scott stating
Slaves were not a citizen and therefore could not bring the suit
Slaves are property and could be taken into any territory or state
This U.S. Supreme Court ruling undid every previous compromise over the issue of slavery

29. This decision by the U.S. Supreme Court made slavery a protected institution. It was now protected by the U.S. Constitution It would now take a constitutional ________________________to end slavery The History Channel video clip

30. The Straw that Broke the Camel’s Back

33. The Election of 1860
Abraham Lincoln winning the election of 1860 is the straw that breaks the camels back Lincoln was a Republican who did not like slavery Lincoln was not on the ballot in the southern states therefore they did not recognize Lincoln as their president. When he was elected President of the United States the southern states were outraged

34. The Election of 1860
South Carolina voted to secede (separate from) the United States Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina also joined the Confederacy