1. Cold War
Chapter 18 section2

2. China 1945 1945 – 1949 Northern China under Communist control
After WWII --- Nationalists and the Communists ceased cooperation
Civil War erupted
1945 – 1949
U.S. played peacemaker
Supported Nationalists
Chiang Kai-shek (leader)
$3 Billion = supplies
No soldiers

3. Two sides in China Communists Nationalists weak and corrupt May 1949
Mao Zedong (leader)
Peasants support
Read / Write
Improve food production
Flocked to Communists‘ Red Army
Nationalists weak and corrupt
Chiang Kai-Shek fled to Taiwan
Relied on U.S. for aid
Failing economy
May 1949
Communists ruled all of mainland China

4. Cont. China’s New Government U.S. refused to recognize
People’s Republic of China
U.S. refused to recognize
Containment failed
Fear of Communism

5. Korean War Korea Splits Japan annexed Korea = 1910
Ruled until August 1945 when war was over.
Korea Splits
38th Parallel North Latitude
North Korea = Soviets = Communist
South Korea = US = Democratic

7. Korean War June 25, 1950 Korean War begins June 27
North Korea swept across the 38th Parallel
Korean War begins
June 27
Truman ordered troops stationed in Japan to support South Korea
16 nations sent 520,000 troops / aid
90% - American troops
General Douglas MacArthur = commander of all forces

8. U.S. Fights North Korea = Unstoppable at first
Driving deep into South Korea
MacArthur launched a surprise counterattack
Surrounded troops
Pushed North Korean troops across line and deep into North Korea

10. China Fights Back China’s foreign minister warned November 1950
“his country would not stand idly by and let the Americans come to the border”
November 1950
300,000 Chinese troops joined the war
Wanted North Korea as a communist buffer state
Main opponents of war changed
China v. U.S.

11. Cont. Chinese outnumbered UN forces
10 to 1
UN and South Korean troops pushed out of North Korea
Lost control of South Korean Capital
Seoul

13. MacArthur 1951 MacArthur wants to attack China Truman rejected idea
Nuclear weapons = Chinese cities
Truman rejected idea
Soviet Union = mutual-assistance pact with China
Did not want to start WWIII
“Wrong war, at the wrong place, at the wrong time, and with the wrong enemy”

14. MacArthur Verses Truman
MacArthur continued to urge full scale war against China
Tried to go over presidents head
Spoke / wrote privately to newspapers / magazines
Refused warnings to follow orders
April 11, 1951
Truman fired MacArthur

15. Stalemate Spent another year arguing over POW’s June 23, 1951
July 1953
Signed an armistice
Ending the War
June 23, 1951
Soviet Union suggested cease-fire = truce
Reached an agreement
Cease fire line = 38th parallel
demilitarized zone

16. Cont. Agreement = Stalemate 54,000 American causalities
Communism had been contained
No use of atomic weapons
Korea = 2 nations
54,000 American causalities
Cost = $67 Billion
Increased fear of Communism in United States

18. The Korean war for Dummies