1. Metric System

2. History Of Metric System
The metric system was invented by the French around 1795
This was a primitive form of the metric system that did not deal with as many measurements as we have now
In 1960 an improved version of the metric system was devised, known as the “International System of Units” (SI)
The metric system is a accepted version that is based on the multiples of ten.
The United States is the only country in the world that does not use the metric system.

3. Reasons for Using Metric System
Easy to use, based on multiples of ten
Standard system for every country in the world except for the United States
Scientists use the metric system and only the metric system when doing experiments

4. Base Units Each type of measurement has a base unit Length-Meter
Mass-gram
Time-Second
Temperature-Kelvin
Volume-Liter

5. Prefixes
The SI system is easy to use because it is based on multiples of ten
Prefixes are used with the names of the units to indicate what multiple of ten should be used
Ex. Kilogram, centimeter, milliliter

6. Chart of the Prefixes and Conversions

7. Measuring Distance
The size of the unit you measure will depend on the size of the object being measured
Ex. To measure a shirt button you would use centimeters, you would also use centimeters to measure a pencil.
What would you use to measure the distance from here to Madison

8. Measuring Distance (Cont.)
By choosing an appropriate unit, you avoid large digit numbers and numbers with decimals
21 km is easier to deal with than 21,000 m
13 mm is easier to deal with than m

9. Measuring Volume
The amount of space occupied by an object is called its volume
To measure volume of a solid object you take the measurements of its length, width, and height and multiply all of them together
If you were measuring a brick you would probably measure in centimeters, and therefore your label would be cm3, the reason for this is because when you multiply, you add exponents.

10. Measuring Liquid Volume
We just talked about how to measure a solid volume, but how do you measure a liquid volume, a liquid has no sides to measure.
In measuring a liquid, you are measuring the capacity of the container that holds that amount of liquid.
The most common units for expressing liquids are liters and milliliters

11. Measuring Matter
A table tennis ball and a golf ball have the same volume, but if you pick them up, you will notice a difference. The golf ball has more mass.
Mass is a measurement of the quantity of matter in an object.
Matter is what a physical object is composed of

12. Density Density is the mass per unit volume of a material
You find density by dividing an object’s mass by the object’s volume.
So, D=m/v
One key thing to remember is that volume is reported in cm3
The density of pure water is 1 g/ml
If an object has a density of less than 1 g/ml it will float
If an object has a density of more than 1 g/ml it will sink

13. Measuring Time
Time is the interval between two events
The SI unit for time is seconds

14. Measuring Temperature
Temperature very simply is the measure of how hot or cold something is
The SI unit of temperature is the kelvin (K)
0 on the kelvin scale is the coldest possible point, also known as absolute zero

15. Temperature in the Lab
Most thermometers are in Celsius, but as stated before scientists use Kelvin to report temperature, so to convert from Celsius to Kelvin just add 273, and to convert from Kelvin to Celsius, subtract 273.

16. Converting from Celsius to Fahrenheit and vice versa
Celsius = (5/9) x (deg F-32)
Fahrenheit = (1.8 x deg C)+32

17. Some conversions to add to your notebook
1 mL = 1 cm3
1 inch = 2.54 centimeters
1 pound = .5 kilograms
1 mile = 1.6 kilometers
1 gallon = 3.8 liters
1 gallon = 8 pints
1 meter = inches

18. Monday Sept. 9th Do Now
Convert the following,
34.5 mm = _____________ m
23.6 kg = _____________ mg

19. Scientific Notation
Scientific notation is simply a method for expressing, and working with, very large or very small numbers.  It is a short hand method for writing numbers, and an easy method for calculations. 
Numbers in scientific notation are made up of three parts: the coefficient, the base and the exponent.

20. Format
5.67 x 10 -5
coefficient base exponent

21. Converting Scientific Notation
The number, , would be difficult to type into a calculator, because you may miss some zeros, so this is where scientific notation comes in handy. This number can be rewritten as;
2.35 x
This format is much easier to type into the calculator and not miss zeros

22. Scientific Notation Rules:
Only 1 digit before the decimal point
Multiply the number by a power of 10
Example: Write 34,000 in scientific notation
34,000
= 3.4 x104
Why do we use this? It’s shorter and easier!

23. Scientific Notation Examples
4,100,000 = _______________
345,600,000,000 = _________
0.0456= ________________
=____________
= ____________

24. Scientific Notation Examples