1. Social Psych: Module 33 Social Relations: Attraction
Three key ingredients to attraction:
Proximity
Physical attractiveness
Similarity

2. Proximity: Mere Exposure Effect
The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them

3. Physical Attractiveness
Positive first impressions are correlated with the attractiveness of the person
Attractive people are judged to be happier, healthier, more successful, etc.
Physical attractiveness is highly determined by culture

4. Similarity
People are reluctant to include dissimilar people in their group of friends.
Close friends usually share interests, attitudes, age, intelligence level, and economic status.

5. Romantic love: Passionate Love
An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship

6. Romantic love: Companionate Love
The deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined
Two important factors:
1. Equity & 2. Self-disclosure

7. Equity
A condition in which people contribute and receive at about the same rate in a relationship
Couples share in decision making and possessions
Freely give and receive emotional support

8. Self-Disclosure Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others
Include likes, dislikes, fears, accomplishments, failures, shameful moments, goals, etc.

9. Altruism
Unselfish regard for the welfare of others

10. Bystander Effect
The tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present
Famous case of Kitty Genovese--38 people heard her cry for help but didn’t help. She was raped and stabbed to death.

11. Factors Increasing Bystander Intervention
not in a hurry
believe the victim deserves help
in a good mood
feeling guilty
live in a small town or rural area
just saw someone being helpful

12. Stereotype A generalized belief about a group of people
Stereotypes are sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized
Includes gender stereotyping

13. Prejudice An unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members
Usually involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action
Usually involves a negative attitude

14. Discrimination
In social relations, taking action against a group of people because of stereotyped beliefs and feelings of prejudice

15. Ingroup: “Us” vs Outgroup: “Them”
In group: people with whom one shares a common identity
Out group: those perceived as different from “us”

16. Ingroup Bias
The tendency to favor one’s own group usually at the expense of the outgroup

17. Scapegoat Theory
The theory that prejudice provides an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

18. Categorization The tendency to group similar objects
May be a means to explain stereotypes

19. Just-World Phenomenon
The tendency to believe that people get what they deserve and deserve what they get (“blame the victim” mentality)
Reflects child’s attitude that good is rewarded and evil is punished

20. Aggression
Any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy

21. Genetic and Neural Influences
Some have a genetic predisposition toward aggression.
Nervous system, including amygdala in the brain, can stimulate or inhibit aggression

22. Biochemistry
Correlation of higher testosterone levels with aggressive behaviors Alcohol and other drugs can increase aggressive behavior.

23. Learned Aggression
Aggression learned through observation of others being aggressive
TV and the media encourages aggression

24. Cooperation: Superordinate goals
Shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation