1. Tuesday Bell Ringer
Draw the nomenclature of the monomer of a carbohydrate, lipid, and protein.
Hold onto homework. It is now due tomorrow incase you want to make any changes after notes.

2. BioChem Quiz #2
After quiz, hand in at station #7 and go to my weebly to copy down/look at the enzyme notes.
When finished copying down notes research a working protein (refer to slide #23)

3. Enzymes: “Helper” Protein molecules

4. Flow of energy through life
Life is built on chemical reactions

5. Chemical reactions of life
Processes of life
building molecules
synthesis
breaking down molecules
digestion + +

6. Nothing works without enzymes!
How important are enzymes?
all chemical reactions in living organisms require enzymes to work
building molecules
synthesis enzymes
breaking down molecules
digestive enzymes
enzymes speed up reactions
“catalysts”
enzyme +
enzyme
We can’t live without enzymes! +

7. Examples
synthesis
enzyme +
digestion
enzyme +

8. Why Use Enzymes?? Enzymes lower the activation energy of reactions
They make it
“cheaper”

9. Enzymes are proteins
Each enzyme is the specific helper to a specific reaction
each enzyme needs to be the right shape for the job
enzymes are named for the reaction they help
sucrase breaks down sucrose
proteases breakdown proteins
lipases breakdown lipids
DNA polymerase builds DNA
Oh, I get it!
They end in -ase

10. Enzymes aren’t used up Enzymes are not changed by the reaction
used only temporarily
re-used again for the same reaction with other molecules
very little enzyme needed to help in many reactions
substrate
product
active site
enzyme

11. It’s shape that matters!
Lock & Key model
shape of protein allows enzyme & substrate to fit
specific enzyme for each specific reaction

12. 2 1 3

13. Enzyme vocabulary Enzyme Substrate Products Active site
helper protein molecule
Substrate
molecule that enzymes work on
Products
what the enzyme helps produce from the reaction
Active site
part of enzyme that substrate molecule fits into

14. What affects enzyme action?
Correct protein structure
correct order of amino acids (Why?)
Temperature
Too hot or too cold = DENATURE
pH (acids & bases)
Does pH impact shape?

15. Order of amino acids Wrong order = wrong shape = can’t do its job! DNA
folded protein
chain of amino acids
DNA
right shape!
folded protein
chain of amino acids
DNA
wrong shape!

16. Temperature Effect on rates of enzyme activity Optimum temperature
greatest number of collisions between enzyme & substrate
human enzymes
35°- 40°C (body temp = 37°C)
Raise temperature (boiling)
denature protein = unfold = lose shape
Lower temperature T°
molecules move slower
fewer collisions between enzyme & substrate

17. Temperature human enzymes reaction rate temperature 37°
What’s happening here?!
37°
reaction rate
temperature

18. pH Effect on rates of enzyme activity
changes in pH changes protein shape
most human enzymes = pH 6-8
depends on where in body
pepsin (stomach) = pH 3
trypsin (small intestines) = pH 8

19. pH stomach pepsin intestines trypsin reaction rate pH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
What’s happening here?!
reaction rate 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 pH

20. For enzymes… What matters?
SHAPE!

21. Building & Working Protein
Using your Chrome book research a working protein.
State the name of your protein.
Describe its function. What is it used for?
Write 4 facts about your protein.

22. Enzyme Activity

23. P-p-p-p-p-please Paper 2 people: Red licorice 2 people: Black licorice
2 people: Colored mini marshmallows

24. Closure:
What does the lock and key model mean?
What does denature mean?
What three things can denature an enzyme?
What are the four functions of a protein?
What process breaks apart amino acids?