1. Ch 27: Female Reproductive System
All organs are internal and closely associated
Primary reproductive organs: ?
Secondary reproductive organs: ?
Female repro system must produce gametes AND maintain developing embryo
Medical ppt
Fig 27-11

2. Ovaries Suspended by ovarian ligament & suspensory ligament Functions:
Ova production
Hormone production

3. Oogenesis (= ovum production)
takes place inside ovarian follicles in ovaries as part of ovarian cycle
Oogonia (= stem cells) complete mitotic divisions before birth
At birth: ~ 2 mio primary oocytes
At puberty: ~ 400,000 primary oocytes
40 years later: 0 (even though only ~ 500 used)  Atresia

4. Tertiary (Graafian follicle)
Oogensis
Ovarian cycles start at puberty under influence of ___
Primordial follicle
Primary follicle
Secondary follicle
Tertiary (Graafian follicle)
Each month some proceed
Few proceed
Few proceed
Fig 27-12

5. Primordial Follicle or Egg Nests
Present at birth
(simple squamous layer)
in cortex

6. Follicles enlarge in response to FSH and produce estrogens
Primary Follicle
Follicles enlarge in response to FSH and produce estrogens
Follicle cells
Oocytes

7. Secondary Follicle Few relative to number of primary follicles
Produce follicular fluid
Rapid enlargement
= Clear glycoprotein layer

8. Tertiary or Graafian Follicle
Spans entire width of cortex
First meiotic division being completed: 1oocyte divides into one 2 oocyte and one polar body

9. Oogenesis Happens in tertiary follicle Ovulation
Suspended in prophase I
Happens
in tertiary
follicle
Ovulation
Stops in Metaphase II

10. Ovulation Oocyte and follicular cells shed into abdominal cavity then
Empty follicle forms corpus luteum which produces progesterone
Corpus luteum degenerates and becomes corpus albicans
GnRH increases under low estrogen and progesterone levels

11. Uterine Tube = Fallopian tube = oviduct = salpinx Two muscular tubes
infundibulum with fimbriae
Ampulla (place of fertilization)
Isthmus
intramural portion
Tubal ligation
Fig 27-14

12. Uterine Tube Histology
Ciliated and non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium
Ciliary movement and periodic peristaltic contractions move ova
Secretion of nutrient substances

13. The Uterus Uterine wall ~ 1.5 cm Blood supply made up of Endometrium,
Myometrium,
Incomplete perimetrium
Blood supply
Uterine arteries from internal iliac
Ovarian arteries from abdominal aorta (inferior to renal arteries)
Fig 27-16

14. Histology of Endometrium
Functional zone – deciduum, sheds during menses
menstruation - flow sheds functionalis layer of endometrium
proliferative phase - under influence of estrogen basal cells proliferate
secretory phase - progesterone maintains functionalis
Basilar zone – permanent layer, deep to functionalis
Fig 27-16

15. Functions of Uterus Protection of embryo/fetus Nutritional support
Waste removal
Ejection of fetus at birth

16. Cervix and Vagina Cervix attaches to vagina at ~ 90° angle
Fornix – pocket surrounding uterine cervix (surgical access to pelvic cavity; location of birth control device)
Vagina – fibro-muscular organ serving as
receptacle for intercourse
passageway for menstrual products
birth canal
Fig 27-20b

17. The Mammary Gland Modified sweat gland
Overlaying the ____________ muscle
15-20 separate lobes separated by suspensory ligaments; each lobe contains several secretory lobules
Lactiferous ducts leaving lobules; converge into lactiferous sinuses
Milk stored in lactiferous sinus until released at tip of nipple
Fig 27-21

18. Lymphatic Drainage of Mammary Glands . . .
. . . is of considerable clinical importance, why ??
The End
Medical ppt