1. Did someone monkey with the laws of nature ? Unit 1.1
Big Bang and Beyond
Did someone monkey with
the laws of nature ?
Unit 1.1

2. Theories of the Origin of the Universe
Ancient
Creation Theories
Modern
Theories
Greek Mythology (Chaos)
Hinduism (Cosmic sleep of gods)
Chinese (Pangu)
Biblical account of Creation (God)
Continuous creation
Big Bang Theory – There was a beginning. The commonly accepted theory

3. What is the “Big Bang”? Fred Responsible for giving Hoyle
Questions NOT answered
Responsible for giving
the term “Big Bang”
WHO/WHAT started it?
WHAT came before it?
WHAT lies beyond the universe?

4. To understand the Big Bang you must know
Einstein’s Famous Equation
E = mc2
E = Energy
m = mass
c = speed of light (8 x 106 m/s)
Universe began as 100% energy
Some Energy converted to mass
Energy & Mass are interchangeable

5. To understand the Big Bang you must know Chemical Particle Composition
Atom
Nucleus
Basic Chemical Unit
Protons  p+
Neutrons  n0
Electrons  e-

6. To understand the Big Bang you must know The 4 Forces of Nature
Gravity
Electromagnetic force
Nuclear Weak force
Nuclear Strong force
Weakest, Attractive force b/t objects w/mass
Attractive and repulsive
1039 times > than gravity
Cause n0  p+
1028 times > than gravity
Holds the nucleus together
1041 times stronger than gravity

8. Big Bang Timeline
<1st s
Singularity
All matter, energy, space, time compressed into area of 0 volume & infinite density
So hot matter couldn’t form
Pure Energy
This moment in time

9. More an “expansion” than an “explosion” Space itself expanded!
Big Bang Timeline
<1st s
More an
“expansion”
than an
“explosion”
Space itself expanded!
4 Forces  1 Unified Force

10. Newtonian Physics (big) & Quantum Mechanics (small)
Big Bang Timeline
Grand Unified Theory
Theory that
unifies …
Newtonian Physics (big)
&
Quantum Mechanics (small)

11. Big Bang Timeline
1 x s
4 Forces broke
apart
No Light

12. Universe expanded & cooled
Big Bang Timeline
.01 s
Baryonic
(visible)
sub-particles
formed
(quarks)
Universe expanded & cooled

13. Light (photons) Matter in form of p+, n0, e- Big Bang Timeline 1 s
Plasma Universe
Light
(photons)
Matter in form
of p+, n0, e-

14. Big Bang Timeline
100 s
Nucleosynthesis
1 Billion ºK
Hydrogen forms

15. Signature Radiation Estab.
Big Bang Timeline
56,000 years
364,000 years
(plasma ends)
CMB
9000 ºK
Helium & Lithium
Signature Radiation Estab.

16. A most magnificent picture!
cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB). The CMB is the remnants of the intense energy emitted by the primordial fireball in the big bang. It was once intensely hot, but now has cooled to a chilly degrees Kelvin ( degrees Celsius or degrees Fahrenheit). This one picture solidified the BBT as the prominent beginning of everything and disproved homogenous & isotropic predictions.

17. Stars, galaxies, heavier elements formed
Big Bang Timeline
100 mil years
200 mil years
Gravity forms
small particles
Stars, galaxies, heavier elements formed

18. 13.7 Billion Years Big Bang Timeline
If we know how fast the universe is expanding we can calculate how old the universe is?
13.7 Billion
Years

19. Big Bang Timeline
4.6 Bil years
Our Solar System forms

20. Cosmic Microwave Background
Major Evidences of BBT
Chemical
Makeup
Explained
Hubble
Expanding
Universe
4 Forces of
Nature
Explained
Cosmic Microwave Background

21. 13.7 Billion Years Big Bang Terms to Know Homogeneous Isotropic
Same density throughout universe
Universe expanding at same rate everywhere
13.7 Billion
Years

22. Big Bang Terms to Know
Hubble’s Law
Anthropic
Principle
Galaxies further away move faster away than closer galaxies
“Goldilocks Phenomena”
Everything is exactly what it is to sustain life on earth!

23. Big Bang Terms to Know
Dark Energy
(70%)
Dark Matter
(25%)
Visible Matter
(5%)
Unseen energy in space
Unseen matter in space
Light-emitting matter

25. Review of Big “Bang” Technically, there was no “bang”
Technically, galaxies are not moving away from each other
Reality: space expands
When there is more space between galaxies, they “move” away from each other
Analogy: dots on an expanding balloon
Isaiah 45:12
…I have stretched out the heavens...
It’s only ancient document that mentions an expanding Universe

26. Beyond the Big Bang
Big Bang Theory explains how the Universe first started but leaves many unanswered questions
Time, Space and Matter were created in the Big Bang
Before the bang, there were no time, no space and no matter
Physics has not solved the question “What’s before the Big Bang”
If I hear a small bang, I will ask “Who or what caused it”
So “Who or what caused the Big Bang” ?
Other factors determine how the Universe will develop:
Amount of matter in the Universe
Physical properties of the matter
Strength of the fundamental forces