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Chemical Bonding Physical Science
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Time FOR A LITTLE REVIEW
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Metal vs. Nonmetals Metals Nonmetals Left side of the Periodic Table
Right side of the Periodic Table plus hydrogen
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Valence Electrons The number of electrons on the last energy level
Code: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
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IONS A charged particle Cations: positive charged ion
“+” oxidation number Anions: negative charged ion “—” oxidation number
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Oxidation Number Number of electrons an atom will gain or lose to become stable Code: +1, +2, +3, ±4, -3, -2, -1, 0
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Chemical Bond Is the force that holds atoms or ions together
Three Types Ionic Covalent Metallic
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Ionic Bonds Transfer of Electrons Between a metal and a nonmetal
Ex: NaCl
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Covalent Bonds Sharing of electrons
Between a nonmetal and another nonmetal Ex: CO2
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Metallic Bonds Sharing of electrons Between a metal and another metal Ex: Alloys
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ID if it is Ionic or Covalent
KF P4O10 CO MgO H2O LiCl
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Diatomic Atoms/Molecules
Atoms of the same element bonding together AKA: Super Seven All are Covalent Bonds F2 Cl2 Br2 I2 H2 O2 N2
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End of Day One
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Naming Binary Compounds
Bi—means 2 Either Covalent: 2 nonmetals Ionic: 1 metal and 1 nonmetal
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Naming Ionic Binary Compounds
2 elements present 1 metal then 1 nonmetal Steps Write the name of the first element Write the name of the second element Change the ending of the second element to “—ide” Combine together
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End Changing Reference
Chlorine Chloride Oxygen Oxide Nitrogen Nitride Sulfur Sulfide Phosphorus Phosphide Bromine Bromide Iodine Iodide Fluorine Fluoride
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Practice Problem #1 #2 AlF3 CaO
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Naming Covalent Binary Compounds
2 elements both being nonmetals Steps Name the first elements Name the second element Change the ending of the second element to “—ide” Add prefixes based on the subscribe of each element Place together
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Note: “Mono—” is not used on the first element
Prefixes 1 = mono— 2 = di— 3 = tri— 4 = tetra— 5 = penta— 6 = hexa— 7 = hepta— 8 = octa— 9 = nona— 10 = deca— Note: “Mono—” is not used on the first element
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Practice Problems #3 #4 #5 PCl3 N2O5 CO
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End of Day Two
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Polyatomic Ions A group of atoms that acts as a single charged unit They are covalent Bonds Ex: PO4—3
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Naming Polyatomic Compounds
3 or more elements together Steps Identify the Polyatomic Ion Write the name of the first element Write the name of the polyatomic ions Place together Note: Never change the ending to Polyatomic Ions
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Practice Problems #1 #2 KNO3 Li3PO4
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Practice Problems #3 #4 NH4OH (NH4)2O
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End of Day Three
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Writing Binary Formulas
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Writing Chemical Formulas
If it equals ZERO 4a. Write the symbols next to each other Steps Write the symbols Write the oxidation numbers above the symbols See if the oxidation numbers add to equal zero If it does not equals ZERO 4b. Cross the oxidation numbers and write as subscripts on the opposite symbol (drop the “+” and “—”)
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Practice Problem #1 #2 Li & F Mg & Cl
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Practice Problem #1 #2 Potassium Oxide K & Cl
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End of Day Four
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Writing Formulas with Polyatomic Ions
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Special Notes If a coefficient of 2 or 3 is being applied to a polyatomic ion, parentheses goes around the polyatomic ion and the subscript is placed outside to the right
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Practice Problem #3 #4 Ca & SO4 Potassium nitrate
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Practice Problem #5 #6 Mg & ClO3 Na & PO4
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Practice Problem #7 #8 Lithium Acetate NH4 & NO3
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End of the Unit
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