1. Earth’s Energy Transfer

2. Once the sun’s energy has reached the Earth, where does it go?

3. Remember Energy Transfer?
Conduction
solids
Radiation
No medium
Convection
- liquids and gases

4. Earth’s Energy Transfer
The atmosphere and hydrosphere are able to absorb and store, and transfer thermal energy.
Referred to as heat sinks.

5. Hydrosphere Includes all water, water vapour and ice on Earth.
Water absorbs and stores more energy than land.

6. Hydrosphere and Climate
Precipitation
Transpiration
Evaporation
Remember the Water Cycle??
Surface Run-off
Ground water

7. Water and Energy Transfer
Evaporation –
Absorbs energy from oceans and lakes
Has a cooling effect (cools surrounding area)
Condensation –
Releases energy when vapour condenses into clouds
Makes surrounding warm

8. Effects of Water on Nearby Regions (Lithosphere)
Water heats up and cools down more slowly than land.
Regions near water are:
Summer- Cooler because the water takes longer to heat up.
Winter- Warmer in the fall as the water slowly emits stored thermal energy as it cools down.

9. Effects of Water on Nearby Regions
Regions downwind of large bodies of water:
More snowfall due to LAKE EFFECT!
If water is not covered with ice
evaporation increases water vapour
air reaches colder land
condenses into snow!!

10. Effects of Water on Nearby Regions
Water absorbs more energy than air.
This is why water droplets on your skin make you shiver….they are absorbing energy to evaporate!

11. Energy Transfer in the Oceans
Water travels towards the poles, Water cools, evaporates and freezes, rejecting salt, becomes more dense and saltier.
Surrounding water becomes saltier, more dense, and sinks to the ocean floor.

12. Energy Transfer in the Oceans
Currents draw warmer water from the equator travels to the poles to replace the water sinking and also evaporating.
Creates an ocean conveyor system called
Thermohaline Circulation

13. Energy Transfer in Oceans

14. Lithosphere
Includes all the solid rock, soil, and minerals on land and under the oceans.

15. Lithosphere and Climate

16. Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere
Movement of warm and cold air currents….
Convection currents.

18. Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere
Air at the equator heats up, becomes less dense and rises.
Creating low pressure underneath.

19. Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere
Warm air spreads out towards the poles and cools down.
Cool air sinks back to Earth’s surface.
Creating a circular convection current.

20. Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere
Air flows from high to low pressure
→ causes air currents which we recognize as wind.
Typical patterns become prevailing winds which help move warm air to the poles.

21. Vocabulary
Heat Sinks Hydrosphere Lithosphere Thermohaline Circulation Homework Pg. 335 # 1, # 1 – 7.