1. Conditions that Disrupt Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium
(Mechanisms of evolution)

2. Mutations
Changes in DNA that may help an organism survive better.

3. Genetic Drift (2 Types)
Bottleneck effect

4. Founder Effect

5. Gene Flow

6. Non-Random Mating
Two types:
Assortative mating
Inbreeding

7. Natural Selection

8. Sexual Selection

9. Transformation

10. Divergence

11. Speciation There are two types of speciation:
Allopatric – Geographic Separation
Sympatric – Biological Separation

12. 1. Allopatric – Geographic separation

13. 2.Sympatric Speciation – Biological Barriers
Pre-Zygotic barriers
Behavioural isolation
Habitat isolation
Temporal Isolation
Mechanical isolation
Gametic isolation

14. Prezygotic barriers – Prevent fertilization
Behavioural isolation

15. 2. Habitat isolation

16. 3. Temporal Isolation

17. 4. Mechanical isolation

18. 5. Gametic isolation

19. Post Zygotic Barriers – After fertilization
Hybrid inviability

20. 2. Hybrid Sterility

21. 3. Hybrid Breakdown

22. Adaptive Radiation

23. Convergent evolution

24. Co-Evolution

25. Gradualism vs Punctuated Equlibrium
Gradualism – Based on Darwins threory Punctuated Equlibrium – Proposed by Gould and Eldridge