1. What are Civil Rights?

2. Trace how passage of the 13th, 14th, 15th, and 19th amendments were initial steps in the expansion of civil rights in the US.

3. 1791 Bill of Rights
The Bill of Rights is a list of rights that cannot be denied by the Federal Government.

4. 1865 13th Amendment Abolished slavery
Federal Govt must in the short term protect former slaves, and the long term protect their civil rights – especially against hostile state governments.

5. th Amendment
Defined citizenship and forbid a state from depriving any person of life, liberty, and property without due process or depriving citizens of equal protection of the law.
The Federal Government will now protect citizens’ rights and restrain the states from denying rights.

6. th Amendment
The right to vote shall not be denied because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
Voting is the domain of the states and after 1877 that right proved difficult for African-Americans to exercise.

7. 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson
The Supreme Court upheld a Louisiana law that allowed separate, but equal accommodations on trains. *Essentially legalizing segregation.
Plessy marked an end to Federal enforcement of civil rights. The absence of civil rights protections will continue until 1954.

8. Segregation and Jim Crow Laws
Common in Southern States after reconstruction
State and local laws that specified certain places “For Whites Only” and others “For Colored”
There were separate schools, transportation, restaurants, and parks
Denial of voting rights
Ability to read and write, property ownership, and a poll tax

9. Early 1900s: Progressives Ida B.Wells – anti-lynching
Booker T. Washington
More moderate strategy through getting better jobs
Established the Tuskegee Institute
W.E.B. Du Bois
More aggressive strategy through better education
First African American to earn a doctorate
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
Worked for equal rights for all Americans

10. 1920 - 19th Amendment Women's suffrage
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged…on account of sex.
What woman led movement for women’s suffrage?

11. Executive Order July
Truman’s Executive Order desegregates the armed forces
Equal treatment and opportunity regardless of race – the official policy of the military
After World War II
Tuskegee Airmen
Dorie Miller
Korean War
First war fought with integrated troops

12. Processing
Draw a visual metaphor to represent how these amendments led to the modern Civil Rights Movement.