1. Cardiovascular System What do you know already?
Needed for?
Includes ....
Controlled by?
Affected by?

2. Previous knowledge The following is assumed knowledge.
The heart works as a double pump.
Blood passing through the right side of the heart travels to the lungs:
Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood capillaries.
Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood capillaries to the alveoli.
Blood passing through the left-hand side of the heart travels to the brain and other body organs.
The heart is made of muscle cells and is split into four chambers (right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium and left ventricle).
The blood travels through arteries, then capillaries, then veins.
Arteries carry blood away from the heart. Blood is pumped through arteries at a high pressure.
Arteries branch into smaller and smaller blood vessels, eventually forming capillaries, which are microscopic blood vessels that carry blood close to all body cells to allow gas exchange to take place.
Capillaries merge into one another, producing wider and wider blood vessels, eventually forming veins.
Veins carry blood towards the heart and contain valves to prevent blood from flowing backwards. These are necessary as the blood is flowing at low pressure and generally against the force of gravity.
As blood flows away from the heart the pressure decreases.

3. Previous knowledge The following is assumed knowledge.
The heart is made of muscle cells and is split into four chambers (right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium and left ventricle).
The blood travels through arteries, then capillaries, then veins.
Arteries carry blood away from the heart. Blood is pumped through arteries at a high pressure.

4. Previous knowledge The following is assumed knowledge.
Arteries branch into smaller and smaller blood vessels, eventually forming capillaries, which are microscopic blood vessels that carry blood close to all body cells to allow exchange to take place (gas and nutrients).
Capillaries merge into one another, producing wider and wider blood vessels, eventually forming veins.

5. Previous knowledge The following is assumed knowledge.
Veins carry blood towards the heart and contain valves to prevent blood from flowing backwards. These are necessary as the blood is flowing at low pressure and generally against the force of gravity.
As blood flows away from the heart the pressure decreases.

6. Unit 2; Physiology and Health Cardiovascular System

7. Learning Outcomes Identify the structure of the cardiovascular system
Compare and contrast arteries, veins and capillaries
Apply the information to explaining the difference in blood pressure around the body.

8. Circulatory System
Needed for the continuous exchange of materials for a multicellular organism
Made up of
Connective tissue fluid (blood)
Connecting tubes (blood vessels)
Muscular pump (heart)

9. Blood Circulation
Blood circulates from the heart through the arteries to the capillaries to the veins and back to the heart. What can we deduce from this knowledge about the pressure?

10. Blood Circulation
Blood circulates from the heart through the arteries to the capillaries to the veins and back to the heart. There is a decrease in blood pressure as blood moves away from the heart as cardiac contraction provides the pressure.

11. Blood Vessels Add in these names .... coronary arteries,
carotid artery,
jugular vein,
hepatic artery, hepatic vein, hepatic portal vein,
renal artery, renal vein.

12. Blood Vessels

13. All have a central cavity; LUMEN
An endothelium lines the central lumen of each of the different blood vessels

14. Arteries (EME) Arteries have;
an outer layer of connective tissue containing elastic fibres
a middle layer containing smooth muscle with more elastic fibres.
inner endothilium layer.

15. The elastic walls of the arteries stretch and recoil to accommodate the surge of blood after each contraction of the heart.
The smooth muscle can contract or relax causing vasoconstriction or vasodilation to control blood flow.

16. Veins
Veins have an outer layer of connective tissue containing elastic fibres but a much thinner muscular wall than arteries.

17. Veins
Valves prevent the back flow of blood (by eddy currents)

18. Capillary
Capillaries allow exchange of substances with tissues. (more next week)

19. Capillary Observe your capillary bed!
Squeeze you nail (no polish) what happens?

20. Complete this ...

21. How do we know this?
Look under the microscope and examine the differences

22. How do we know this?
Draw a table before you start

23. A GOOD TABLE SHOULD ..... Now complete the experiment
Draw an appropriate graph

24. A GOOD GRAPH SHOULD .....
Now complete the questions ....

25. Demonstrate what you know by filing this in ....
ARTERIES
VEINS
Demonstrate what you know by filing this in ....
CAPILLARIES

27. ARTERY VEIN CAPILLARIES
arteriole
endothelium
connective tissue
smooth muscle
venule
valve
Draw pictures on Power Notes for Arteries, Veins, and Capillaries

29. Place these features in the correct part of the Venn Diagram
ARTERIES
VEINS
Place these features in the correct part of the Venn Diagram
Exchange of materials
Contains valves
One layer, 1 cell think
Endothelium cells surround lumen
Carry blood
Large lumen
Needs action of muscles to keep blood flowing
3 layers; elastic fibres, muscle and endothelium
Stretch and recoil
Pulse found
Smooth muscle contract for vasoconstriction
Smooth muscle dilate for vasodilation
CAPILLARIES

31. True or False?
Carotid vein returns deoxygenated blood from the head to vena cava
Renal artery carries blood to the kidneys to be purified
Pulmonary vein carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
Hepatic portal vein carries deoxygenated blood from gut to liver
Coronary vein carries oxygenated blood from lungs to the heart
Hepatic artery carries deoxygenated blood from the liver to the vena cava

32. True or False? F jugular T F artery T F pulmonary F vein
Carotid vein returns deoxygenated blood from the head to vena cava
Renal artery carries blood to the kidneys to be purified
Pulmonary vein carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
Hepatic portal vein carries deoxygenated blood from gut to liver
Coronary vein carries oxygenated blood from lungs to the heart
Hepatic artery carries deoxygenated blood from the liver to the vena cava
F jugular T
F artery T
F pulmonary
F vein