1. EUROPEAN UNION - RUSSIA RELATIONS IN THE FRAMEWORK OF WTO VIENNA, 3 JULY EU-RUSSIA RELATIONS ‘RESTRICTIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES’
PROF DR JAAP W. DE ZWAAN
EM. PROF EUROPEAN UNION LAW
ERASMUS UNIVERSITY ROTTERDAM, AND
FORMER LECTOR EUROPEAN INTEGRATION
THE HAGUE UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES

2. CONTENTS EU-RUSSIA RELATIONS: CONTEXT RUSSIA AND WTO
PARTNERSHIP AND COOPERATION AGREEMENT 1997
EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION
SANCTIONS EU AND RF (UKRAINE CRISIS)
OPPORTUNITIES
COOPERATION PER SECTOR
PEOPLE TO PEOPLE CONTACTS
NEED FOR CLARIFICATION

3. CONTEXT: EU NEIGHBOURHOOD POLICY

4. RUSSIA AND WTO RUSSIA IS A MEMBER SINCE AUGUST 2012
FIRST TRADE POLICY REVIEW 2016, PROBLEMS
IMPORT SUBSTITUTION POLICY: COMPLIANCE WITH WTO RULES
LACK OF TRANSPARENCY IN THE FUNCTIONING OF THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION
SUBSIDISING OF THE ENERGY SECTOR
DOMINANT ROLE OF STATE OWNED COMPANIES

5. PARTNERSHIP AND COOPERATON AGREEMENT 1997
FOUR COMMON SPACES
ECONOMY
EXTERNAL SECURITY
FREEDOM, SECURITY AND JUSTICE
RESEARCH, EDUCATION AND CULTURE
ESI IN MOSCOW (MGIMO)
EU STUDY WEEKS

6. Eurasian Economic Union
Entry into force 1 January 2015
5 Member States
Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Russian Federation
Belarus is not a WTO member
Objectives
Economic Union
Internal market
Customs Union
Cooperation in specific sectors
Legal personality

7. Eurasian Economic Union
Article 1
1. The Parties establish the Eurasian Economic Union ensuring free movement of goods, services, capital and labour within its borders, as well as coordinated, agreed or common policy in the economic sectors determined under this Treaty and international treaties within the Union.
2. The Union shall be an international organisation of regional economic integration and shall have international legal personality.

8. EEU Treaty Article 4 Main Objectives
The main objectives of the Union shall be as follows:
to create proper conditions for sustainable economic development of the Member States in order to improve the living standards of their population;
to seek the creation of a common market for goods, services, capital and labour within the Union;
to ensure comprehensive modernisation, cooperation and competitiveness of national economies within the global economy.

9. EEU Treaty Article 2 (Definitions)
‘Single (common) market’ means a set of economic relations within the Union ensuring the freedom of movement of goods, services, capital and labour.

10. EEU Treaty Article 2 (Definitions)
‘Customs Union’ means a form of trade and economic integration of the Member States envisaging a common customs territory, within which no customs duties (other duties, taxes and fees having equivalent effect), non-tariff regulatory measures, safeguard, anti-dumping and countervailing measures shall be applied to the mutual trade, while applying the Common Customs Tariff of the EEU and common measures regulating foreign trade with a third party.

11. ACHIEVEMENTS/DEFICIENCIES EAEU
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
EFFECTIVENESS AND EFFICIENCY
SCOPE OF ECONOMIC COOPERATION
FREE TRADE AREA
CUSTOMS UNION
INTERNAL MARKET
COOPERATION IN SPECIFIC SECTORS
PARTICIPANTS
THREE FOUNDING MEMBER STATES
AT PRESENT FIVE MEMBER STATES
ENLARGEMENT?

12. EU-RUSSIA COOPERATION
OBJECTIVE AFTER 2012 WTO ACCESSION
(COMPREHENSIVE) FREE TRADE AGREEMENT
OBSTACLES
RELATIONSHIP EU-RF-EAEU
RESTRICTIVE MEASURES (UKRAINE CRISIS)
SANCTIONS EU
RETALIATORY MEASURES RF
OPTIONS
DIALOGUE AND NEGOTIATIONS
COOPERATION PER SECTOR
PEOPLE TO PEOPLE/CIVIL SOCIETY CONTACTS

13. EU RESTRICTIVE MEASURES: OVERVIEW
DIPLOMATIC MEASURES
INDIVIDUAL RESTRICTIVE MEASURES
RESTRICTIVE MEASURES (CRIMEA AND SEVASTOPOL)
ECONOMIC SANCTIONS (SPECIFIC RUSSIAN SECTORS)
ECONOMIC COOPERATION

14. EU RESTRICTIVE MEASURES: SPECIFICS 1
DIPLOMATIC MEASURES
SUSPENSION OF MEETINGS
INDIVIDUAL RESTRICTIVE MEASURES
ASSET FREEZE AND TRAVEL RESTRICTIONS
150 PEOPLE AND 37 ENTITIES
ASSET FREEZE FOR MISAPPROPRIATION UKRAINIAN STATE FUNDS
RESTRICTIVE MEASURES
IMPORT BAN ON GOODS FROM CRIMEA AND SEVASTOPOL
BAN ON INVESTMENTS
PROHIBITION TO SUPPLY TOURISM SERVICES IN CRIMEA

15. EU RESTRICTIVE MEASURES: SPECIFICS 2
ECONOMIC SANCTIONS (SPECIFIC RUSSIAN SECTORS)
LIMITATION OF ACCESS TO EU PRIMARY AND SECONDARY CAPITAL MARKETS FOR 5 MAJOR RUSSIAN MAJORITY STATE OWNED FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
EXPORT AND IMPORT BAN ON TRADE IN ARMS
EXPORT BAN FOR DUAL-USE GOODS
ACCESS TO CERTAIN SENSITIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND SERVICES
ECONOMIC COOPERATION
SUSPENSION SIGNATURE NEW FINANCING OPERATIONS
EU COORDINATION SUSPENSION FINANCIAL OPERATIONS EUROPEAN BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT (EBRD)
REASSESSMENT AND SUSPENSION EU BILATERAL AND REGIONAL COOPERATION PROGRAMMES WITH RUSSIA

16. RETALIATION MEASURES RUSSIAN FEDERATION (EU, USA, NORWAY, CANADA AND AUSTRALIA)
AGRICULTURE AND FOOD PRODUCTS (MEAT, FISH, FRUITS, VEGETABLES AND DIARY PRODUCTS)
RESTRICTIONS ON IMPORT

17. EU AND RF SANCTIONS LOOKED AT IN CONJUNCTION
NOT ALL CHANNELS OF TRADE AND COOPERATION ARE BLOCKED

18. EU-Russia cooperation: cooperation per sector (examples)
Energy
Agriculture
Modernization and efficiency
Transport and Infrastructure
Environment and Climate Change
Justice and Home Affairs
Migration and border management
International crime/terrorism
Public Health

19. EU-Russia cooperation:‘people to people’ and civil society contacts
Education
ESI in Moscow (MGIMO)
EU Study Weeks
Research
Culture
Tourism

20. EU-RUSSIA RELATIONS: NEED FOR CLARIFICATION
EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION
ACHIEVEMENTS
COMPARISON/RELATIONSHIP WITH EU
PERSPECTIVE OF A FREE TRADE AREA EU-RF-EAEU
EFFECTS AND IMPACT OF THE SANCTIONS (CRISIS IN UKRAINE)