1. BELLWORK: 3/9
In your opinion, which Cold War presidents’ foreign policy was the most successful? What about the least successful? Explain!

2. Cold War Presidents (1945-1990)
Domestic & Foreign Policies

3. Harry Truman (1945-1953) Truman Doctrine Containment Marshall Plan
Korean War
NSC-68 (massive increase in military spending)

4. Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953-1961)
Containment: Roll Back
Massive Retaliation (mostly aimed at China)
Indochina War (supported Diem)
“Thaw” in tensions with Khrushchev
During the Suez Crisis of 1956, Eisenhower condemned Israeli, British and French invasion of Egypt and forced them to withdraw.
Also condemned Soviet invasion during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956, but took no action
Increased power of CIA – trained La Brigada, Iran, Guatemala

5. Election of 1960
Many people questioned Kennedy’s experience- youngest president at age 43.
First televised presidential debate- 70 million viewers thought that Kennedy won. Radio listeners Nixon won.
Kennedy won by the slimmest of margins- won by 119,000 votes out of 69 million.

8. John F. Kennedy (1960-1963) Increased aide to South Vietnam and Diem
Involvement in Cuba
Bay of Pigs = Failure
Missile Crisis = Success
Established Space Program

10. Lyndon B. Johnson ( )
Success of containment (no major crises in Europe)
Escalation of Vietnam
Involvement in DR

11. U.S. Troops in Vietnam
When Johnson becomes President he declares “I am not going to lose Vietnam.”

12. The end of Johnson’s Presidency
“I shall not seek, and I will not accept, the nomination of my party for another term as your President.”

13. Richard Nixon ( )
Nixon Doctrine: nations are responsible for their own defense (HUGE change in Cold War policy!)
Withdrawal of US troops from Vietnam
Improved relations with USSR and China
Arms limitation treaties
China admitted to UN

14. Gerald Ford ( )
Ford is the only person to have served as both vice president and president without being elected to either office.
His 895 day-long presidency is the shortest in American history for any president who did not die in office.

15. Jimmy Carter (1977-1981) Raised awareness of human rights issues
Peace Treaty between Egypt and Israel
Panama Canal Treaty
Formally recognized PRC
Helsinki Accords: cooperation between the two European blocs
Soviet invasion of Afghanistan

16. Ronald Reagan ( )
Meetings with Gorbachev to reduce hostilities
Fall of Berlin Wall
Support of right-wing regimes in Central America
End of Cold War

17. HOMEWORK: Due Monday
Read about our last Cold War Crisis of study…. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
Section 3.5
Note check on Monday!