1. The Digestive System
Mechanical Chemical or Both? Mechanical – physical breaking down of food (mashing, grinding) Chemical – enzymes and acids break down food (nutrients broken down into smaller molecules) Mouth and Stomach do both

2. Following the Path of Food
The Mouth (teeth, tongue, saliva)
Chemical – enzymes and acids in saliva break down food (amylase-enzyme in saliva)
Mechanical -teeth and tongue grind and mash food

3. Following the Path of Food
The Esophagus
Tube that food travels down to your stomach (mechanical)
Peristalsis – muscle action that forces (squeezes) food into the stomach
**This is why you can eat upside down and food will still go to your stomach!

4. Following the Path of Food
The Stomach (enzymes and acids)
Chemical – hydrochloric acid and pepsin (enzyme) breaks down large molecules into smaller ones
Mechanical – stomach muscle churns and mashes food
What is chyme (pronounced KIEM-like lime)? …soupy mixture of food, enzymes and acids (like in a blender )

5. Following the Path of Food
The Small Intestine (in diameter)
Chemical – breaking down of the nutrients in yet smaller molecules to be delivered to the bloodstream
Covered with villi (tiny nutrient absorbing structures) that are connected to capillaries (very small blood vessels…the blood mobile )

6. Following the Path of Food
The Large Intestine (in diameter)
Mechanical – removes water (transfers to bloodstream) from left over waste products and pushes waste product along
Material that can’t be absorbed is compacted as water is removed.

7. The Path that Food Doesn’t Follow
The Pancreas
1.Makes fluid that protects the small intestine from the stomach acid
2.Makes hormones that regulate blood sugar (when this doesn’t work properly=diabetes)

8. The Path that Food Doesn’t Follow
The Liver
1.Stores nutrients that aren’t absorbed in the bloodstream
2.Breaks down toxins
3.Makes bile to break up fat (so that it can be absorbed in the bloodstream through small intestine)

9. The Path that Food Doesn’t Follow
The Gallbladder
1.Bile is stored
2.Bile is squeezed into small intestine from gallbladder

10. The Urinary System Kidneys as Filters
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Kidneys as Filters
Kidneys – filters blood (water + waste) and expels urine
Nephron – act as filters in the kidneys trapping waste

11. The Urinary System
Water in Water Out Diuretics – chemicals you ingest that cause kidneys to make more urine decreasing water in the blood (caffeine – colas, tea, coffee, energy drinks)

12. The Urinary System
Urinary System Problems Bacterial infections – need antibiotics or cleansing agents (cranberry) – lots of volume to flush out bacteria Kidney stones – very painful – hard mineral deposits build up Kidney disease – nephrons are damaged and kidneys begin to fail

13. THE END
…think about what you ate and drank today and what it’s doing in your body!
Feel it going to your cells and helping your cells make energy!