1. Chapter 11 Section 1: Fossil Fuels
Key concepts: How do fuels provide energy? What are the three major fossil fuels? Why are fossil fuels considered nonrenewable resources?
Key terms: fuel, energy transformation, combustion, fossil fuel, hydrocarbon, petroleum, refinery, petrochemical

2. Energy transformation and fuels
A fuel is a substance that provides energy
Energy transformation is a change of one energy to another
For example, using burning fuel to heat water to steam
Combustion – burning of fuel to generate another form of energy
Production of electricity – Thermal energy produced by burning fuel is used to boil water to make steam. The steam turns a turbine, which turns magnets, which creates an electric current

3. Fossil Fuels
Fossil fuels are energy-rich substances formed from the remains of organisms.
Coal, Oil, and natural gas
Fossil fuels are made of hydrocarbons – chains of hydrogen and carbon
Combustion of fossil fuels provides more energy per kg than other fuels
Releases energy in the form of heat and light

5. Coal Solid fossil fuel formed from plant remains
Mined from the ground – dangerously
Most plentiful fossil fuel in the US
Has disadvantages: pollution, erosion, danger

6. Oil Thick, black, liquid fossil fuel
Formed from small animals and other organisms that lived in oceans and other shallow inland seas 100s of millions of years ago
Petroleum – another name for oil
Accounts for 33% of energy produced in the world
Located in tiny holes in sandstone or limestone
First pumped out of the ground – called “crude”
Then it goes to a refinery
Petrochemicals – compounds made from oil (plastics, paints, medicines, cosmetics)

7. Natural Gas Mixture of methane and other gases
Forms from some of the same organisms as oil
Less dense than oil, so often rises to the top of an oil deposit
Advantages: produces large amount of energy, lower air pollution
Disadvantage: highly (in)flammable, AND DESTORYS NATURAL WATER SOURCES (not in your book, please write it in your notes)

8. Fuel supply and demand
Fossil fuels take hundreds of millions of years to form
Eventually, they will all be used up faster than we can replenish them