1. Developmental sperm contributions: fertilization and beyond
Gerardo Barroso, M.D., M.Sc., Carlos Valdespin, M.D., Eva Vega, M.Sc., Ruben Kershenovich, M.D., Rosaura Avila, B.Sc., Conrado Avendaño, M.D., Sergio Oehninger, M.D., Ph.D. 
Fertility and Sterility 
Volume 92, Issue 3, Pages (September 2009)
DOI: /j.fertnstert
Copyright © 2009 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Schematic of the journey of the sperm cell during spermatogenesis and transit through the male and female tracts (modified from reference 1, with permission).
Fertility and Sterility  , DOI: ( /j.fertnstert )
Copyright © 2009 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Critical steps involved in sperm-oocyte interaction leading to pronuclear formation and syngamy.
Fertility and Sterility  , DOI: ( /j.fertnstert )
Copyright © 2009 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3 Scheme of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in fertilization.
Fertility and Sterility  , DOI: ( /j.fertnstert )
Copyright © 2009 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

5. Figure 4
Three different patterns of DNA fragmentation (TUNEL assay) frequently observed in infertile men (left: granular appearance throughout the sperm head; center: predominance of vacuolated appearance; right: homogeneous fluorescence throughout nuclear area).
Fertility and Sterility  , DOI: ( /j.fertnstert )
Copyright © 2009 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

6. Figure 5
Morphologically normal sperm with fragmented DNA (normal-SFD) in the same semen sample of patients currently undergoing ICSI. Simultaneous assessment of normal sperm morphology (phase contrast, unstained) and DNA fragmentation (TUNEL) after swim-up separation (left side: phase contrast; right side: TUNEL fluorescence). (A) Normal spermatozoon with DNA fragmentation, (B) abnormal spermatozoon (slightly abnormal form) with DNA fragmentation, (C) morphologically abnormal spermatozoa (severely amorphous) with DNA fragmentation, and (D) morphologically abnormal spermatozoa (tapered form) without DNA fragmentation.
Fertility and Sterility  , DOI: ( /j.fertnstert )
Copyright © 2009 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions