1. LONG TERM ATHLETE DEVELOPMENT
An Introduction
Presented by James Marshall

3. PPPPP I keep six honest serving men They taught me all I know
Their names are What, Why and When
And How and Where and Who
Rudyard Kipling

4. PPPPP
Talented young athletes need to be helped to reach the elite level
A systematic approach to talent identification and development, led by governing bodies on a sport by sport basis.
A single framework that avoids young people over-competing or specialising in single sports too early
Co-ordination is key particularly between clubs and schools, to achieve this

5. DEVELOPING EXPERT PERFORMANCE
Using the numbers 5,10,3,48 along with hours, weeks, years and days create an equation that dictates an elite athletes training
3 hours x 5 days x 48 weeks x 10 years
It is generally regarded that it takes 10,000 hours or 10 years to develop expert performance (Bloom,1985; Ericsson,1993)

6. LONG TERM ATHLETE DEVELOPMENT (LTAD)
Achieving truly elite performance is a long term process – THERE ARE NO SHORT CUTS
Rushing competition = poor preparation
Western Society has a ‘Peaking by Friday’ philosophy
Early specialization sports
Late specialization sports
Can you identify several early and late specialization sports?

7. Long Term Training Late Specialisation Sports
Athletics
Rowing
Combat Sports
Team Sports
Early Specialisation Sports
Gymnastics
Rhythmic Gymnastics
Figure Skating
Diving
Table Tennis

8. Athlete/Player Development20
High Performance
AGE
Specialisation 14 11
Multilateral Development

9. STAGE 1 – FUNdamentals (6-9 years)
Individual is involved in a wide range of sports
Emphasis is always placed upon FUN and playing games
Proper technique of athletic ABC’s
Running, jumping, throwing
No periodization – Activities revolve around the school year
A specific sport only 1-2 times per week
Emphasis remains upon Fun and game playing

10. STAGE 2 – TRAINING TO TRAIN (10-14 years)
Learn how to train
Warm up, stretching, hydration, recovery, nutrition, taper and peak
Competition vs Training ratio 25% to 75%
Basic technical and tactical skills of a sport
Play to win but emphasis is on training process rather than outcome
 Placed in competitive situations daily but in training and drills
 Over emphasis upon comp will cause plateau

11. STAGE 3 – TRAINING TO COMPETE (14-18 years)
50% 50% split between comp specific training and train
Hi Individual and sport specific training is provided year round
Develop basic and sport specific skills under pressure
Programmes individualised to a greater degree to address individuals strength and weaknesses

12. STAGE 4 – TRAINING TO WIN (18-21 years)
Fully developed athlete
Competition vs Training ratio is 75% to 25%
Emphasis upon optimising competitive performance
athletes trained to peak for specific competitions
Training is high intensity and relatively high volume

13. THREATS TO LTAD
System of competition is based on traditions and improvisation
Talent ID and recruitment neglected
The best and most knowledgeable coaches work at the elite level
Developmental athletes tend not to get guidance
Support structures at elite levels can’t make up for short comings in earlier stages

14. THREATS TO LTAD
Too much emphasis on competition, especially in team sports
Male programmes are superimposed on females and adults programmes onto children
We ignore optimal periods of trainability
Too much emphasis on winning

15. Peak Height Velocity

16. Peak Height Velocity

18. CHANGE YOUR THINKING FINISHED FILES ARE THE RE-
SULT OF MANY YEARS OF SCIENTIF-
IC STUDY COMBINED WITH THE
EXPERIENCE OF MANY YEARS

19. Emphases in Strength Development
Initiation 6-10
Athletic formation 11-14
Specialisation 15-18
High performance 18+
Body weight, partner weight, swiss & medicine ball
As above, also dumb bells and cables. Introduce barbell lifting techniques. Introduce circuit training. Emphasize core stability and tendon strengthening
Add exercise machines. Power techniques and set training is introduced. Volume and intensity are increased.
A fully periodised programme is introduced.

20. Emphases in Speed/Agility Development
Initiation 6-10
Athletic formation 11-14
Specialisation 15-18
High performance 18+
Coordination through play. Relays
Training for acceleration and quickness.Low intensity plyometrics.
Specific technique development. Resisted running.
Introduce position specific speed training

21. Emphases in Endurance Training
Initiation 6-10
Athletic formation 11-14
Specialisation 15-18
High performance 18+
Fun and multilateral. Not stressful
The length of training sessions can increase. Longer (3km) runs can be introduced as can low intensity medium distance intervals
Develop aerobic capacity as a priority. Sports specific drills and interval training can be used to develop both aerobic and anaerobic endurance
Increasingly game and position specific

22. Emphases in Flexibility Training
Initiation 6-10
Athletic formation 11-14
Specialisation 15-18
High performance 18+
Static and dynamic. Increased flexibility through gymnastic type play
Introduction of PNF. Take Growth Spurt into consideration
As part of your weekly routine. Becoming individually specific
Individual and position specific