1. Movement of Large Amounts of Material Downhill under Gravity
Mass-Wasting
Movement of Large Amounts of Material Downhill under Gravity

2. Soil Creep

3. Soil Creep

4. Soil Creep

5. Soil Creep, California

6. Colluvium, San Bernardino Mountains, California

7. Mystery or Soil Creep?

8. Four Years’ Mass-Wasting, Bosnia

9. Four Years’ Mass-Wasting, Bosnia
100*40/2 cm2 = cm2 (4 years)
= 500 cm2 /year
Removed from 1 km slope per year = cm2 /100,000 cm = 1 cm/200 yr = 5000 cm (50 m)/m.y. = 50m /m.y.
A 1-m (100 cm) soil mantle yields 500 cm2 /year, so movement = 500 cm2 /year/100 cm = 5 cm/year

10. Mudflows, California

11. Urban Planning, San Diego

12. Avalanche Chute, Colorado

13. Rockfalls, Yosemite, California

14. Landslide, Mount Saint Helens

15. Slide Lake, Wyoming

16. Sherman Glacier, Alaska, March 27, 1964

17. Viaont, Italy, October 9, 1963
1800 people died.

18. Yungay, Peru, May 31, 1970

19. Lituya Bay, Alaska, July 9, 1958

20. Lituya Bay, Before and After

21. Yungay, Peru, May 31, 1970

22. The Scour Line

23. The Highest Wave Ever Recorded