1. Letters and Sounds 15th September 2014

2. Aims of the evening Key vocabulary and terminology
Progression of skills and knowledge
Home support
Resources

3. Grapheme–phoneme correspondences (GPCs)
And phoneme–grapheme correspondences

4. Digraphs, split digraphs, trigraphs and four-letter graphemes
A digraph is a two-letter grapheme where two letters represent one sound such as ‘ea’ in seat and ‘sh’ in ship.
A trigraph is a three-letter grapheme where three letters represent one phoneme (e.g. ‘eau’ in bureau, and ‘igh’ in night).
And by definition a four-letter grapheme uses four letters to represent one phoneme (e.g. ‘eigh’ representing the /ai/phoneme in eight and in weight).
A split digraph has a letter that splits, i.e. comes between, the two letters in the digraph, as in make and take, where ’k’ separates the digraph ‘ae’ which in both words represents the phoneme /ai/. There are six split digraphs in English spelling: ‘a-e’, ‘e-e’, ‘i-e’, ‘o-e’, ‘u-e’, y-e’, as in make, scene, like, bone, cube, type.
I go through all the sounds
Stress ffffffff light not f-a
Run through all phonics PowerPoint for TAs to say the sounds
Show sound buttons for cvc
Ccvc
Cvcc
Cvc split digraph

5. Segmenting and blending
Segmenting and blending are reversible key phonic skills.
Segmenting consists of breaking words down into their constituent phonemes to spell.
Blending consists of building words from their constituent phonemes to read.
Both skills are equally important.
I want to spell the word chop
Ch o p
I am reading the word float
F-l-oa-t

6. Reading and writing is NOT JUST PHONICS!
Abbreviations
VC, CVC, and CCVC are the respective abbreviations for vowel- consonant, consonant vowel-consonant, consonant-consonant- vowel-consonant, and are used to describe the order of graphemes in words (e.g. am (VC), Sam (CVC), slam (CCVC), or each (VC), beach (CVC), bleach (CCVC).
Reading and writing is NOT JUST PHONICS!
On white boards you write example of CV
CVC

7. Phase One Throughout Rec and KS1
Seven aspects:
Aspect 1: General sound discrimination – environmental sounds
Aspect 2: General sound discrimination – instrumental sounds
Aspect 3: General sound discrimination – body percussion
Aspect 4: Rhythm and rhyme
Aspect 5: Alliteration
Aspect 6: Voice sounds
Aspect 7: Oral blending and segmenting
Each aspect is divided into three strands:
Tuning into sounds (auditory discrimination)
Listening and remembering sounds (auditory memory and sequencing)
Talking about sounds (developing vocabulary and language comprehension)
Watch DVD example.

8. Phase Two
The purpose of this phase is to teach at least 19 letters, and move children on from oral blending and segmentation to blending and segmenting with letters. By the end of the phase many children should be able to read some VC and CVC words and to spell them either using magnetic letters or by writing the letters on paper or on whiteboards. During the phase they will be introduced to reading two-syllable words and simple captions. They will also learn to read some high-frequency ‘tricky’ words: the, to, go, no.

9. Letter progression (one set per week)
Set 1: s a t p
Set 2: i n m d
Set 3: g o c k
Set 4: ck e u r
Set 5: h b f, ff l, ll ss
Voiced and unvoiced sounds

10. Phase Three
The purpose of this phase is to teach another 25 graphemes, most of them comprising two letters (e.g. oa), so the children can represent each of about 42 phonemes by a grapheme .
Children also continue to practise CVC blending and segmentation in this phase and will apply their knowledge of blending and segmenting to reading and spelling simple two-syllable words and captions.
They will learn letter names during this phase, learn to read some more tricky words and also begin to learn to spell some of these words.

11. Phase Three Letters Set 6: j v w x Set 7: y z, zz qu
Graphemes Sample words Graphemes Sample words
ch chip ar farm
sh shop or for
th thin/then ur hurt
ng ring ow cow
ai rain oi coin
ee feet ear dear
igh night air fair
oa boat ure sure
oo boot/look er corner
Voiced and unvoiced
Play blending game

12. Phase Four
The purpose of this phase is to consolidate children’s knowledge of graphemes in reading and spelling words containing adjacent consonants and polysyllabic words.
CCVC CVCC
Activity
Read yes/ no questions.
Play treasure or rubbish.

13. Phase Five (Year 1)
The purpose of this phase is for children to broaden their knowledge of graphemes and phonemes for use in reading and spelling.
They will learn new graphemes and alternative pronunciations for these and graphemes they already know, where relevant. Some of the alternatives will already have been encountered in the high- frequency words that have been taught.
Children become quicker at recognising graphemes of more than one letter in words and at blending the phonemes they represent.
When spelling words they will learn to choose the appropriate graphemes to represent phonemes and begin to build word-specific knowledge of the spellings of words.
Year One Phonics Screening Test

14. New graphemes for reading ay day. oy boy. wh when. a-e make ou out
New graphemes for reading ay day oy boy wh when a-e make ou out ir girl ph photo e-e these ie tie ue blue ew new i-e like ea eat aw saw oe toe o-e home au Paul u-e rule Known graphemes for reading: common alternative pronunciations i fin, find ow cow, blow y yes, by, very o hot, cold ie tie, field ch chin, school, chef c cat, cent ea eat, bread ou out, shoulder, could, you g got, giant er farmer, her u but, put (south) a hat, what
Word sort

15. Phase Six
Children become more fluent and more accurate spellers by learning about:
Tenses
Suffixes and prefixes
Spelling patterns and rules

16. Strategies Phonics: Jolly Phonics actions Magnetic letters
Sound buttons
‘I Spy’ type activities
Phoneme Frames
Handwriting:
Fidget fingers
Fine and gross motor activities
Star Wars, Pirate, Fairy, wizard handwriting groups
Tricky words: Shape, mnemonics, silly stories/ words in words, wrong words
Areas of provision

17. Resources www.phonicsplay.co.uk www.oxfordowl.co.uk
App store search:
Phonics
High frequency words/ sight words/ tricky words
Letter and Sounds home book
Tricky word pouch

18. Aims of the evening Key vocabulary and terminology
Progression of skills and knowledge
Home support
Resources