1. Introduction: The idea of Europe and EU history
Prof. Andreas Bieler

2. Structure of the lecture
Explanation of module guide;
‘Integration’;
EU member states;
Key dates in EU history;
Key EU institutions;

3. 2. ‘Integration’:
integration involves the partial transfer of sovereignty to supranational institutions and/or the pooling of sovereignty via QMV (Nugent 2006: 108-9) in the Council of Ministers;
co-operation implies that nation states fully retain their sovereignty and cannot be outvoted at the international level;

4. 3. EU member states:
1952 European Coal and Steel Community: France, Italy, Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands;
1973 first enlargement: Britain, Ireland and Denmark join the EU;
1981 accession of Greece to the EU;
1986 accession of Spain and Portugal to the EU;

5. EU member states:
1995 accession of Austria, Finland and Sweden to the EU;
2004 accession of 8 Central and Eastern European countries (Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovenia) as well as Malta and Cyprus;
2007 Bulgaria and Romania join the EU, bringing the number of EU members up to 27;

6. Member States of European Union
Member States of European Union ©Ssolbergj:
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