1. Characteristics of Life
Growth and development
Cellularity
Reproduction
Responsiveness
Movement
Require energy

2. Scientific method Observation Research
Hypothesis: prediction. You are predicting the outcome of an experiment you are about to perform
Experimentation: control vs experimental group
Independent vs dependent variable
Collect data
Analyze data
Formulate a conclusion

3. Hypothesis vs theory Hypothesis: comes before the experiment
Prediction
Theory: comes after SEVERAL experiments
Explanation
Law: fact

4. DO NOW: 1- Explain the difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote
2- List the 6 Kingdoms and identify them as having prokaryotic or eukaryotic organisms

5. Prokaryote vs eukaryote
Prokaryote: OLDEST. Always single celled
Eukaryote: evolved from prokaryote. May be single or multicellular

6. Prokaryote: simple single celled organsims
Have NO NUCLEUS
DNA floats freely in the cell
2 Kingdoms
Archaebacteria: live in EXTREME environments
Eubacteria: live in normal environments

7. Eukaryote: single of multicelled
Have a TRUE Nucleus
4 Kingdoms
Protista: ALL Single celled eukaryotes: ex: ameba and paramecium
Animal: organelle-cell-tissue-organ-system
Plant: photosynthesis
Fungi: decomposing eukaryotes. Single celled yeast or multicelled mushrooms and mold

8. Animal and plant cell organelles

10. Biomolecules; Organic compounds; macromolecule; polymer
Protein: amino acid
Carbohydrate: simple sugar
Starch: plant energy storage
Glycogen: animal energy storage
Cellulose: builds cell walls
Chitin: builds insect exoskeleton. Not made from glucose
Lipid: triglyceride: 3 fatty acid + glycerol
Fats and oils
Saturated fat: Animal fat; solid at room temperature; have all single C-H bonds
Unsaturated fat: plant; liquid at room temperature; have double carbon-hydrogen bonds
Wax
Steroid
Phospholipid: builds cell membrane
Nucleic Acids: nucleotide
DNA and RNA
All 3 are made from glucose monomers

11. Tuesday 6/7/16 DO NOW: 1- What is the structure of the cell membrane?
2- How do molecules cross the cell membrane?
3- List the differences between passive and active transport

12. Structure of the cell membrane
2 layers of phopholipids with cholesterol and proteins floating in them
Peripheral proteins: only 1 layer of phospholipids
Integral proteins: span both layers
Cholesterol: moves in between the hydrophobic tails to make sure that the membrane stays fluid

13. Structure of cell membrane or plasma membrane
Phospholipid bilayer: 2 layers of phospholipids with proteins and cholesterol floating
Passive transport: high to low concentration
NO ENERGY IS NEEDED
Simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Osmosis
Hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic
Active transport: low to high concentration
Need energy (ATP)

14. Passive transport: Osmosis
Isotonic: equal movement in and out of the cell
Hypotonic (fresh water); water rushes into the cell.
Cell may swell and lyse or burst
Hypertonic (salt or sugar water): cell looses water to the surrounding salt or sugar.
Cell may shrink
In plant cells plasmolysis happens

15. NYS Diffusion Lab We put starch and glucose inside of dialysis tubing.
It was white in color
We then soaked it in Amber colored Lugol’s iodine solution
The next day, the inside of the cell was a dark blue black and the outside was clear
What is our conclusion?
Lugol’s iodine solution moved into the cell

16. NYS diffusion Lab continued
We then took some of the solution that was left in the beaker and placed it in a test tube
We added Benedict’s solution (blue)
We heated the mixture and it turned orange
What conclusion can be made?
Glucose left the cell or diffused OUT of the cell