1. Bell Ringer 2/26/15
Why did Great Britain want control of the Suez Canal?
What did the African delegates decide at the Berlin Conference?
What two countries remained independent as Europe carved up Africa?
*Have your packets from yesterday out and ready to finish

2. Today’s Class (3/14/14) Outcome: Agenda:
Be able to explain the impact of imperialism on India & Latin America.
Agenda:
Bell Ringer
Complete the India/South American packet using a textbook
Discussion
Panama Canal Slideshow

3. Placard Activity 15 minutes to complete your packets using a textbook
MAKE SURE YOU HAVE ANSWERED THE CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS

4. Imperialism in India & Latin America

5. Sepoy Mutiny Sepoy = Indian soldier hired by British
British East India Company maintained control over India with hired soldiers (sepoys) and forts throughout the country.
Rumor started that the British were passing out bullets greased with cow and pig fat – violation of Hindu & Muslim culture.
British crushed rebellion because Muslim & Hindus could not get along.
Sepoy Mutiny = treason, rebellion
First War of Independence = fighting for freedom

6. British Rule
Viceroy = governor who ruled as a representative of a monarch
Benefits of British Rule:
Order a stability to society
School system for the top 10%
Built infrastructure: trains, telegraphs
Costs of British Rule:
British goods destroyed local industries
Zamindars (Indian tax collectors) abused their authority
Farmers switched from food to cotton led to food shortage
Top jobs reserved for British

7. An Indian Nationalist Movement
Goal of Indian National Congress was to reform government to allow Indians to share in governing. Ran into problems with religious split between Hindus and Muslims.
Mohandas Gandhi used nonviolent resistance to achieve his goals.
Two goals of Gandhi’s movement:
Win aid for the poor
Gain India’s independence from Britain

8. Nationalist Revolts
Peninsulares – Spanish/Portuguese who reside temporarily in Latin America for wealth
Creoles – descendants of Europeans who lived in Latin America permanently
Mestizos – of European and Native American descent, often worked as laborers
Revolts in Latin America were sparked by the defeat of Napoleon and the introduction of free press, trade, and equality (ideas if liberalism).
Why distinctions among groups = create divisions and to categorize them
Liberators of South America = Jose de San Martin & Simon Bolivar – both led independence movements against European rule in Latin America
Simon Bolivar led movements in Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
San Martin successful in forcing Spanish out by joining forces with Bolivar.
Free South American countries by 1824:
Peru, Uruguay, Paraguay, Colombia, Venezuela, Argentina, Bolivia, Chile

9. Nationalist Revolts

10. New Nations Problems for newly independent countries in Latin America:
No precise boundaries, fought with each other
Poor infrastructure (maintenance)
Elite land owners dominated society
Still economically dependent on Europe & U.S. trade
Caudillo = Strong military leaders that emerged after independence from European control
These strongmen kept new states together
BUT many abused their power (Ex. Santa Anna in Mexico misusing state funds)
Mexico lost half its territory to U.S. after losing the Mexican War.
Owning land was still the basis for prestige in Latin America – often brought political power.
Exporting raw materials and importing manufactured goods made Latin America dependent on Europe & U.S. Gained political independence but not economic independence.

11. U.S.’s Role
U.S. gained control of strip of land in Panama by supporting Panama rebellion against Colombia – built Panama Canal on this land
Monroe Doctrine (1828) stated that the U.S. would intervene to keep Europe out of Latin American affairs
Argentina = wheat & beef
Brazil = coffee
Central America = bananas (& coffee)
Peru = sugar and silver
Middle class in Latin America only ~5-10%
Lived in cities, had education & decent income
Saw the U.S. as a political & economic model
Sought reform, not revolution. Voted for landed elites

12. Ch. 14 Imperialism Study Guide
Questions?

13. Britain: Blood and Steel