1. New Ideas in a New Society
Preview
Main Idea / Reading Focus
New Ideas about Economics
Competing Economic Views
Effects on Society
Quick Facts: Effects of Industrialization on Women
Map: Industrialized Europe

2. New Ideas in a New Society
Preview, continued
Visual Study Guide / Quick Facts
Video: The Impact of Industrialization

3. New Ideas in a New Society
Main Idea
The Industrial Revolution inspired new ideas about economics and affected society in many ways.
Reading Focus
What new ideas about economics developed during the Industrial Revolution?
What competing economic ideas arose as a result?
How did the Industrial Revolution affect society?

4. The Industrial Revolution Begins
Section 4: New Ways of Thinking
Witness History Audio: The Struggle of the Working Class
Witness History Audio: Nearer My God to Thee
Witness History Audio: A Doctor’s Concerns
Laissez-Faire Economics
Economists during the Enlightenment tried to grapple with how the Industrial Revolution would affect the working class. Views ranged from dire (Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo) to optimistic (Adam Smith).
Notes: Listen to the Witness History audio. Then read aloud the main idea for each subheading in this section and show the related visuals.
After listening to the Witness History audio, ask, “According to The Communist Manifesto, how do owners view workers?” (as part of the machinery) “How does this affect workers?” (They are given simple, boring tasks.)
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5. New Ideas about Economics
Old mercantile system restricted trade
Laissez-faire economics
Adam Smith, market economy
Thomas Malthus, poverty unavoidable
Industrialization succeeded and spread
Capitalism and Competition
Shift in wealth and power
Entrepreneur
Banking and finance
Andrew Carnegie, rags to riches
Robber barons
New Roles for Business Leaders

8. What were some of the new ideas about economics?
Summarize
What were some of the new ideas about economics?
Answer(s): mercantilism gave way to capitalism and competition, laissez-faire economics and The Wealth of Nations allowed for increased role of entrepreneur

9. The Industrial Revolution Begins
Section 4: New Ways of Thinking
Utilitarians for Limited Government
Utilitarianism emerged from the Industrial Revolution. This was the idea that governments should intervene in an economy in order to improve the lives of the working class—or at the very least protect them from harm.
Note Taking Transparency 130
Socialist Thought Emerges
Notes: Listen to the Witness History audio. Then read aloud the main idea for each subheading in this section and show the related visuals.
After listening to the Witness History audio, ask, “According to The Communist Manifesto, how do owners view workers?” (as part of the machinery) “How does this affect workers?” (They are given simple, boring tasks.)
Some sought to end the problems of the Industrial Age by instating socialism. Utopian communities sprang up that tried to live according to a socialist model.
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10. Effects on Society Home Life Countries Societies
The rise of new economic ideas was among the countless effects of the Industrial Revolution. The shift away from cottage industries also affected home life and the roles of women in society.
Worlds of work and home separated
“Separate spheres”
Business world-without moral controls
Women-moral guidance at home
Home Life
Industry-great power
Control of other nations’ economies
Industrialization of United States
Period of immigration to United States
Countries
Increase in wealth
Standard of living improved
Leisure time
Changes to many aspects of life:
Art
Politics
Transportation
Societies

14. The Industrial Revolution Begins
Section 4: New Ways of Thinking
Karl Marx Explains Class Struggles
German philosopher Karl Marx came up with the idea of communism as a solution to what he saw as a struggle between workers and business owners. Communism would create a classless society in which all means of production would be owned by everyone equally.
Marxism in the Future
Some Marxist ideas were put into practice in Germany, Russia, and other countries. The practical failures of these ideas quickly became evident, however, and this economic model is now nearly extinct.
Notes: Listen to the Witness History audio. Then read aloud the main idea for each subheading in this section and show the related visuals.
After listening to the Witness History audio, ask, “According to The Communist Manifesto, how do owners view workers?” (as part of the machinery) “How does this affect workers?” (They are given simple, boring tasks.)
QuickTake Section Quiz
Progress Monitoring Transparency
QuickTake Section Quiz
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15. Competing Economic Views
Not everyone agreed that laissez-faire capitalism was good. Two who took a different stance were Robert Owen and Karl Marx.
More hopeful than Malthus
Socialism
Society owns property
Society controls business
Model industrial town
New Harmony
Social democracy
Robert Owen
More radical socialism
Predicted collapse of capitalism
Das Kapital
Communism
Government
owns means of production
controls economic planning
Karl Marx

19. Why did capitalism provoke strong response from the socialists?
Infer
Why did capitalism provoke strong response from the socialists?
Answer(s): Socialists blamed capitalism for harsh working conditions, polluted cities, and the big gaps between rich and poor.

21. Identify Cause and Effect
What were some of the major effects industrialization had on families and countries?
Answer(s): families—wealth, leisure time, better educated; countries—increased power, wealth, and living standards; overcrowding of cities, pollution, rapid population growth

23. Video The Impact of Industrialization
Click above to play the video.

24. The Industrial Revolution Begins: Section 4
Note Taking Transparency 130
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25. The Industrial Revolution Begins: Section 4
Progress Monitoring Transparency
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