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Chapter 2 Settling the Thirteen Colonies
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Reasons for English Colonization economic freedom political freedom
Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp Reasons for English Colonization economic freedom political freedom religious freedom adventure
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Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies
pp Financial Support joint-stock companies: companies in which the risks and rewards of a venture are shared with investors Virginia Company: one of the best known joint-stock companies
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Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies
pp Colony Organization charter colonies: founded by a charter containing the rules governing where the colony would be located and how it would be administered
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proprietary colonies: given to individuals or groups by the king
Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp proprietary colonies: given to individuals or groups by the king royal (crown) colonies: controlled directly by the crown
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Physical Hardships ocean passage food and shelter Indians
Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp Physical Hardships ocean passage food and shelter Indians
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Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies
pp The New England colonies were settled by those seeking religious freedom.
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Groups Opposing the Church of England
Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp Groups Opposing the Church of England Puritans: wanted to purify the Church of England Separatists: wanted to separate from the Church of England
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Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies
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Plymouth Colony a group of Separatists
Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp Plymouth Colony a group of Separatists moved to Leiden, Holland for religious freedom later decided to move to the New World known today as the Pilgrims
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Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies
pp financing English businessmen financed the Pilgrims’ venture in exchange for their profits.
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challenges of the voyage
Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp challenges of the voyage unseaworthy ship (Speedwell) storms landed hundreds of miles north of Virginia
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Mayflower Compact Indians
Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp Mayflower Compact first document to provide for self-government in the New World Indians Samoset: the first to greet the English Squanto: befriended the Pilgrims and helped them survive
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William Bradford governor of Plymouth Colony
Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp William Bradford governor of Plymouth Colony
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Reasons for Plymouth’s Early Success
Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp Reasons for Plymouth’s Early Success learned from Jamestown’s experience used to hard work motivation
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Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies
pp The Puritan attempt to reform the church from within had little success.
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Massachusetts Bay establishment
Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp Massachusetts Bay establishment “a city set upon a hill”: They desired their colony to be an example to the world. John Winthrop: first governor
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Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies
pp “the Great Migration”: growth during the 1630s in which over 15,000 people came to the colony
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government freeman: stockholders with full powers to govern the colony
Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp government freeman: stockholders with full powers to govern the colony General Court: representative body believed in a strong relationship between church and state
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founded by Roger Williams
Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp Rhode Island founded by Roger Williams exiled by Massachusetts Bay in 1635 became first colony to guarantee religious freedom
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founded by Thomas Hooker
Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp Connecticut founded by Thomas Hooker Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, 1639: first written constitution in America
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founded due to overcrowding in Massachusetts became a royal colony
Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp New Hampshire founded due to overcrowding in Massachusetts became a royal colony
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Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies
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Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies
pp New England was settled primarily by the English, who shared a common heritage. Several of the middle colonies, however, were influenced first by other nations.
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New Netherland (New York)
Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp New Netherland (New York) Henry Hudson: explored modern day New York, allowing the Dutch to claim the region
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Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies
pp mercantilism: an economic system that measures wealth by the amount of gold and silver a nation possesses Peter Minuit: governor of the colony responsible for buying Manhattan from the Indians
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Peter Stuyvesant: tyrannical governor of New Netherland
Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp patroons: recipients of large land grants for bringing fifty settlers to the New World Peter Stuyvesant: tyrannical governor of New Netherland
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Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies
pp Duke of York: given New Netherland by the English monarch (based on John Cabot’s earlier claim)
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promised cheap land, full religious liberty, and self-government
Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp New Jersey given to Sir George Carteret and Lord John Berkeley by the Duke of York promised cheap land, full religious liberty, and self-government
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William Penn: founder (Penn’s woodland) Quakers
Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp Pennsylvania William Penn: founder (Penn’s woodland) Quakers beliefs: pacifists, human equality, “inner light”
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purpose of the colony: a religious haven for Quakers
Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp purpose of the colony: a religious haven for Quakers Philadelphia (“city of brotherly love”): capital
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at one time part of Penn’s holdings (granted by the Duke of York)
Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp Delaware at one time part of Penn’s holdings (granted by the Duke of York) New Sweden: originally settled by the Swedes
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Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies
pp The five southern colonies developed differently from the middle colonies and New England. They had warmer climates, single-crop economies, and slave labor systems.
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Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies
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tobacco: Virginia’s leading crop became a royal colony
Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp Virginia tobacco: Virginia’s leading crop became a royal colony
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Cecilius Calvert: founded the colony as a haven for Roman Catholics
Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp Maryland Cecilius Calvert: founded the colony as a haven for Roman Catholics
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Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies
pp Act of Toleration: guaranteed religious freedom to all who believed in the Trinity first written law guaranteeing religious freedom in the colonies
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Charles II: rewarded his loyal followers with a New World territory
Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp The Carolinas Charles II: rewarded his loyal followers with a New World territory 1712: divided into north and south
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cash crops North Carolina: tobacco
Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp cash crops North Carolina: tobacco South Carolina: rice and indigo (made blue dye)
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founded by James Oglethorpe purpose
Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp Georgia founded by James Oglethorpe purpose debtor colony buffer zone with Spanish Florida
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