1. Monitoring Guidance
Johannes Grath
Rob Ward
12th October 2005

2. Contents of the draft Guidance
Purpose and Scope
to be seen together with existing and planned guidance
Background
laid down in WFD

4. 3. General principles 3.2 Integrated monitoring 3.1 conceptual model
regional
local
3.5 network design/review and update
3.4 aquifer types
3.3 grouping of GW-bodies for monitoring

5. Surveillance Monitoring 1
Objectives:
validate risk assessment
Confirming good status of GW-body
Assess long term trends
Principles for selection of Monitoring Sites – 4 main factors:
conceptual model (hydro(geo)logical characteristics, pressures, receptors)
assessment of risk and level of confidence incl. distribution of key pressures
practical considerations concerning monitoring stations (e.g. long-term access)
monitoring of those parts that are most susceptible to pollution (mostly upper parts of the aquifer)

6. Surveillance Monitoring 2
Selection of determinands
core suite: dissolved oxygen, pH, el. conductivity, nitrate, ammonium, temperature, major ions and trace ions
contaminants reflecting pressures
for natural background – additional selective determinands
Proposed frequency
depending on aquifer flow type
initial and long term frequency - may be different and may depend on parameter and on existing knowledge of GW-system

7. Operational Monitoring 1
Objectives:
status assessment for all GW-bodies identified as being at risk
assessment for significant and sustained upward trends of any pollutant
Principles for selection of Monitoring Sites – main factors:
conceptual model (hydro(geo)logical characteristics, pressures, receptors)
assessment of risk and level of confidence incl. distribution of key pressures
practical considerations concerning monitoring stations (e.g. long-term access)

8. Operational Monitoring 2
additional monitoring sites may be required
where risk issues relate to specific receptors
where pressures and risk issues relate to GW itself e.g. diffuse sources of pollution sampling points will be more distributed across the body (see also CIS 2.8)
practical considerations for site selection e.g. existing sites, multi purpose monitoring, springs, ...
selection of determinands – similar to surveillance monitoring and based on surv. monitoring results
Proposed frequency
depending on aquifer flow type, susceptibility to pollution
initial and long term frequency - may be different and may depend on parameter

9. 4.2 Operational MonitoringTE
SWB

10. Quantity Monitoring 1 Objectives:
to assist in characterisaton,
to determine the quantitative status of GW-bodies and
to support the design and evaluation of the programme of measures
Principles for selection of Monitoring Sites – main factors:
assessment of recharge and the water balance and/or
existing GW-level or discharge assessments and relevant information on the risks for GW dependant SWBs and TEs
degree of interaction GW and related SWB and TE

11. Quantity Monitoring 2 Monitoring parameters: Density of monitoring:
GW-levels
spring flows
flow characteristics
stage levels in significant GW dependant wetlands and lakes
Density of monitoring:
two different levels:
for requirements of Art. 4 objectives
„local“ monitoring of levels and flows that relate to relevant GW-supported receptors (SWBs, TEs)
Frequency of monitoring:
depends on characteristics of the water body and monitoring sites

12. Protected area monitoring
Existing guidance on protected areas not repeated
DW protected areas
Monitoring needs to assess DWPA objectives
Recommendation for monitoring of representative selection of potable sources in GW-bodies not at risk as part of surveillance monitoring
In “at risk” bodies: monitoring of all significant potable sources at least once before and once within each RBMP period
Existing raw water quality data can be used
Safeguard zones may be used to focus monitoring

13. Prevent or limit monitoring
In principle covered by other directives e.g. landfill directive,… – defensive monitoring see GW 3
But:
WFD monitoring should help to assess the effectiveness of measures introduced to prevent or limit inputs

14. Quality of GW-monitoring data
Overview of factors contributing to quality assurance and to be expanded in the CMA
Focus on GW-specific QA issues:
Reliability of conceptual model
Performance of the monitoring programme
Sampling procedure and sample treatment
reference to relevant ISO standards for GW (ISO 5667)

15. 10 Reporting – link to WG D Documentation of monitoring programmes
Considering the development of “Reporting sheets” – Proposal: summary table for key figures
Complemented by:
Verbal description of monitoring strategy, selection of determinands, investigated GW-layer, etc.
Tables comprising parameters suites and monitoring frequency
Transboundary issues: bilateral agreement reached on monitoring strategies with neighbouring country

16. 11 Links with other WG C DGs
WG 2 Protected areas
WG 3 Direct and indirect input
WG 4 Status and Trends
WG 5 GW issues of the Mediterranean region
Links with existing CIS guidance
WG 2.7 Monitoring
WG 2.8 Statistical aspects of the identification of GW pollution trends, and aggregation of monitoring results

17. Annex References Aquifer types
Criteria for site selection and information requirements
Initial guidance on selection of determinand suites
Techniques for sampling, analysis and data management
Analytical techniques and technical requirements
Case studies

18. Way forward Upload of existing draft (v4) on CIRCA by today for SCG
Redraft the guidance – distribution 15th December
Comments – Mid January 2006
Final draft – delivered before next WG C meeting (13/14 February 2006)
Adoption by SCG?