1. 10. Educational Challenges. Projecting the Future.
Intelligent Information Systems
10. Educational Challenges. Projecting the Future.
Gio Wiederhold
EPFL,
April-June 2000, at 14: :15, room INJ 218

2. Schedule
Presentations in English -- but I'll try to manage discussions in French and/or German.
I plan to cover the material in an integrating fashion, drawing from concepts in databases, artificial intelligence, software engineering, and business principles.
1. 13/4 Historical background, enabling technology:ARPA, Internet, DB, OO, AI., IR
2. 27/4 Search engines and methods (recall, precision, overload, semantic problems).
3. 4/5 Digital libraries, information resources. Value of services, copyright.
4. 11/5 E-commerce. Client-servers. Portals. Payment mechanisms, dynamic pricing.
5. 19/5 Mediated systems. Functions, interfaces, and standards. Intelligence in processing. Role of humans and automation, maintenance.
6. 26/5 Software composition. Distribution of functions. Parallelism. [ww D.Beringer]
7. 31/5 Application to Bioinformatics.
8. 15/6 Semantic Interoperation
9. 22/6 Privacy protection and security. Security mediation.
10.29/6 Educational challenges. Expected changes in teaching and learning.
Summary and projection for the future.
Feedback and comments are appreciated.
1/15/2019
EPFL10F - Gio spring 2000

3. Open question? Web enables remote education 1/15/2019
EPFL10F - Gio spring 2000

4. Stanford Model Based on TV courses offered to industry
Part of normal curriculam
TV operator in special classroom
shows notes (must be legible), blackboard, teacher
tutor at remote site (has taken class earlier)
voice link for questions (if live TV)
Can be replayed on web in students rooms, …
morning classes getting to be empty
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EPFL10F - Gio spring 2000

5. Threat to smaller schools
Alternatives
Overloaded professor with older material
Inaccessible professor with up-to-date material
technology from the entertainment industry
Education when and where wanted
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EPFL10F - Gio spring 2000

6. E-libraries www.TeleRead.org
Public libraries (funded in the U.S. by Dale Carnegie) have been of major benefit to children and older people who wanted to improve themselves
Libraries and librarians are under budget pressures
Older voters do not support education
In an E-world at least augment paper libraries
Proposal free E-libraries using
Internet and e-books
Contents
Books in public domain
Popular books; suggestion that their copyrights be donated by their authors after initial sales reduce -- ~1-2 years
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EPFL10F - Gio spring 2000

7. Added Value
Virtually everything we have is in the public domain. Our value added is not communications. It is not hardware. It is not even the data. Our Value added is the categorization, the storage, and the archiving of data, which gives the tools to search the data, to project it, compare it, chart it, and so on. Our strategy is to be a high-margin, low-volume producer for a specialized market. [Michael R. Blomberg, in Wired April 1998]
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EPFL10F - Gio spring 2000

8. Nothing is harder to predict than the future [Yogi Berra]
Heavier-than-air flying machines are impossible.
Radio has no future.
X-rays will prove to be hoax. [Willliam Thomson, Lord Kelvin, ].
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EPFL10F - Gio spring 2000

9. Industry Needs Information
Engineering and Manufacturing
own capability é suppliers’ capabilities
demand é global demand
Distribution and Transportation
costs for alternate means of shipping
Finance
project demand 3 project cost of funds
Marketing and Service
taste and style é demographics
more from remote sources

10. Data and Knowledge Information is created at the confluence of
Knowledge Loop
Information is
created at the
confluence of
data -- the state
&
knowledge --
the ability to
select and
project the
state into
the future
Data Loop
Storage
Education
Selection
Recording
Integration
Abstraction
Experience
State changes
Decision-making
Action

11. Knowledge Manifestations
Procedural
system analysts
programmers
Declarative
domain analysts
knowledge engineers
rule writers
Creators
faster
Maintainers
easier
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12. Information Leverage Tactical Customers Inventory Suppliers Strategic
Planning
Capabilities
Opportunities

13. Projects at Stanford DB group
Data Mining.
Mediator & Wrapper
Generation.
Warehousing.
Security Mediators.
Megaprogramming.
Simulation Access.
Changes, Consistency,
and Configurations.
TSIMMIS
CHAIMS
SimQL
TIHI C3
MIDAS
WHIPS
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EPFL10F - Gio spring 2000

14. XML Future Machine Processable ! return to origin?
ARPAnet -- share heterogeneous machines
-- people-to-people
Digital Library -- people-to-machines
E-commerce (E2B)-- people-to-machines
client-server
Mediated -- people-to-services-to-machines
Business (B2B)-- machine-to-machine(s)
Business services -- machine-to-services-to-machines
Ubiquitous -- gadget-to-gadget
(embedded)
Future
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EPFL10F - Gio spring 2000

15. XML: the end of Databases?
<panel chair_name=Daniela Florescu loc=INRIA>
<name> Catriel Beeri<at>HUIJ</at></name>
<name> Adam Bosworth<at>Succendo</at></name>
<name> Guy Ferran<at>INRIA</at></name>
<name> Michael Ries<at> Microsoft</at></name>
<name> Martin Schulze<at> Excelon</at></name>
<name>Gio Wiederhold<at>Stanford</at></name>
</panel>
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EPFL10F - Gio spring 2000

16. DBMSs will serve XML XML will help in use of DBs on the web.
HTML is wild and wooly, oriented towards flexible human processing
For B2B applications interpretation will be by processing programs.
Programs cannot exploit flexibility.
Data requirements remain regular
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EPFL10F - Gio spring 2000

17. Relevant Examples? Browsing for papers and authors Supplier catalog
human searching
flexible contents
recursive, cyclic, linked structures
Supplier catalog
some number of required entries
some predefined optional entries
further, arbitrary entries are ignored.
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EPFL10F - Gio spring 2000

18. Needed features from DBMs
Rapid retrieval Ü indexing
indexes best derived from regular structures
Optimization Ü quantity estimates
best attached to schemas,
Business integrity ÜTx integrity
fine-grained, routinely provided by DBMSs.
Access control Ü constraint rules
attached to schema attributes and keys
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EPFL10F - Gio spring 2000

19. Will RDBMs adapt to XML? Changes will be needed for XML correctness
Ordering, - cross refs., - document snippets, ...
Pressure from customers
Experience from OO-developments
Inadequate rethinking
Rigid internal structure
Staff with performance-oriented experience
XML-specialists mis-focusing
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EPFL10F - Gio spring 2000

20. Future Information Systems
Gio Wiederhold
Stanford University

21. Information Systems should also Project into the Future
time
past now future
Msg
systems,
sensors
Databases,
accessed via SQL or
CORBA compliant
wrappers
Simulations,
accessed via SimQL and
compliant wrappers

22. Use of Simulation Results
Simulation results can be composed for
Alternative Courses-of-actions
Composition should be seamless, elegant, with computation and recomputation of likelihoods
Results change as now moves forwards and eliminates earlier alternatives.

23. DM support is disjoint does not interoperate Databases
Planning Science
Simulation
Distribution
extensions to move
to networked support
are also disjoint

24. Current state of DM Support
past now future
time
organized support
disjointed support
Data integration
distributed, heterogeneous
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nsnd nn 23.5a
Databases
Intuition +
Spreadsheets
Planning of allocations
Other simulations
various point assessments

25. Technology Transition .
Economic drivers have to be considered.
Three party model
Industry: need-based invention
academia: formalization
innovators: new technology
New Service models provide new Opportunities
supply innovative tools to industry
supply specialized information to industry a I i
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EPFL10F - Gio spring 2000

26. Understanding the other parties
Motivation is profit and loss avoidance of
Industry: investment --
payoff to stockholders / retain value / stable
Academia: prestige -- (leads to continuing funding)
visibility, not stability or reliability
Innovative businesses: leverage -- not sustainable
low downside cost, high upside risk,
change expected and needed
Government research:
technology dissemination & shelving service ?
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EPFL10F - Gio spring 2000

27. Notes from Stanford OTL
SoE inventions
31 % licensed / 29% waiting, 40%dropped
Large companies poor adopters, best are exclusive to startups
Center for Networking has an overll license, pay once + small annual
New Licensed Field of Use: EPIC program
excludes software - but same pricing scheme
excluded are already active inventions
inventions co-developed outside of SoE
inventions not pursued by Stanford
base cost for membership 400K or 100K for 5 years
100K non-exclusive license per inventions before patent is granted
200K non-exclusive license per invention after patent is granted
easy access for 6-months
SOE gets base, can distribute to depts. Inventor gets license fees.
objective is better relationships.to large companies
not suitable for startups, small companies
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EPFL10F - Gio spring 2000

28. Research economy transfer paths
Tool suppliers (TS) versus Product suppliers (PS)
high-value
modest volume
Customers
Research
Government
Teaching
Taxes
high
volume
people
results
Products
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EPFL10F - Gio spring 2000

29. Gaps in MI Science/Systems
Application of CS, …, to Healthcare
understand CS, don’t try forcefully contribute
understand the differences in
the research and validation proof vs. case
the practice paradigms broad vs. focused
supply CS with data? NASA earth sciences
apply the best you can find
compose it
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EPFL10F - Gio spring 2000

30. Moving to a Service Paradigm
Server is an independent contractor, defines service
Client selects service, and specifies parameters
Server’s success depends on value provided
Some form of payment received for services
x,y
Databases are a current example.
Simulations have the same potential.

31. Operating Systems Microsoft Windows, personal computer and WS.
proprietary product, no obligations to hardware,
rapidly adapted to new requirements
UNIX, an open systems, consensus and takes time.
SUN servers
LINUX clients and servers, free, low entry cost ….
Mainframe operating systems, little growth expected
VMS (COMPAQ) reliable 24 hour / 7 day
1/15/2019
EPFL10F - Gio spring 2000

32. 1 Pre-competitive development. 2 Integration and Marketing
3. Problem: Asynchrony.
3.1 Industry-driven. research.
3.2 Curiosity-driven research.
3.3 Fundamental research
3.4 Transition windows
4 Transition agents.
4.1 Link academic researchers to industry
4.2 Link academic and industrial research.
4.3 Startup companies.
4.4 Incubator services.
4.5 Research stores.
Commercial Technology Transfer Company.
Governmental Technology Transfer Institute.
Other candidate organization models for research stores.
5 Research Venues and Technology Transfer.
6 Summary
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EPFL10F - Gio spring 2000

33. New Role for Consultants
Old
Used at Design Time
and
To Explain Failures
Future
Available as a Service
Responsible for Knowledge Maintenance

34. Integration Science Artificial Intelligence knowledge mgmt models
uncertainty
Databases
access
storage
algebras
Systems
Engineering
analysis
documentation
costing
Integration
Science
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EPFL10F - Gio spring 2000

35. F i n Comments? what was new / what was old or boring? future emphasis
more technological detail?
more situational detail?
more extrapolation to the future
1/15/2019
EPFL10F - Gio spring 2000