1. THE NATURE OF

2. Earth & Space Science
Physical Science
Biology

3. ALL Uses
The Method of Science

4. Science – process that uses observation and investigation to gain knowledge about events in nature

5. Scientific Method
An organized set of
procedures
used by scientists

6. Hypothesis – educated guess or testable prediction Experiment – organized procedure for testing hypothesis Control – standard for comparison Constant – factor that doesn’t vary in experiment Independent variable – factor that is adjusted by the experimenter (x-axis) Dependent variable – factor whose value depends on the independent variable. This variable is measured (y-axis)

7. Scientific Law vs. Scientific Theory
Rule of nature that sums up related observations to describe a pattern in nature Ex. Law of Gravity
Explanation based on experiments – most logical explanation
Ex. Black Hole Theory

8. STANDARDS OF MEASUREMENT

9. International System of Units (SI)
Standard system of measurement used
worldwide
SI Base Units
Quantity Measured
Unit
Symbol
Length
meter m
Mass
gram g
Time
second s
Electric current
ampere A
Temperature
kelvin K
Amt of Substance
mole
mol
Intensity of light
candela cd

10. – Distance between two points Volume
Common SI Prefixes
Prefix
Symbol
Multiplying Factor
kilo k
1.000
deci d
0.1
centi c
0.01
milli m
0.001
micro μ
nano n
Length
– Distance between two points
Volume
– The amount of space occupied by an object
Mass
– Amount of matter in an object
Density
– Mass per unit volume of a material
Time
– Interval between two occurring events

11. GRAPHING

12. Graph A visual display of information or data.

13. Line Graph Show trends or how the data changes over time

14. Bar Graph Useful for comparing information collected by counting

15. Circle Graph (pie chart) Used to show how a fixed quantity is broken down into parts