1. Cave Chemistry

2. What cave formation needs: 1. Make a hole in the ground 2
What cave formation needs: 1. Make a hole in the ground 2. Partially fill it with cool formations

3. Cave Chemistry CaCO3(s)  Ca2+(aq) + CO32-(aq) Ksp(CaCO3) = 4.8 x 10-9
Calculate solubility in mg/L:
Actual solubility: 80 mg/L
Why???

4. Effect of [CO2]. What should happen as [CO2] increases?
CaCO3(s)  Ca2+(aq) + CO32-(aq)
CO2 + H2O  H2CO3
H2CO3  HCO H+ Ka1(H2CO3) = 4.2 x 10-7
HCO3-  CO32- + H+ Ka2(HCO3-) = 4.8 x 10-11

5. CaCO3(s)  Ca2+(aq) + CO32-(aq)
CO2(g) + H2O(l)  H2CO3(aq)
H2CO3(aq)  HCO3-(aq) + H+(aq) Ka1(H2CO3) = 4.2 x 10-7
HCO3-(aq)  CO32-(aq) + H+(aq) Ka2(HCO3-) = 4.8 x 10-11
The Key Reaction is:

6. So: 1. Formation of the big hole

7. So: 2. Making those formations