1. Restructuring the Postwar World HSCE 8.1.1Ch. 33 sec. 1
Welcome to the Beginning of the Cold War
*USA & USSR = Allies during WWII
-USA – Loyal to England 1st
-USSR- Wanted a 2nd Front – US declined
--become heated enemies after WWII
Cold War = 44 years of intense competition for political, economic and military dominance.

2. Restructuring the Postwar World HSCE 8.1.1Ch. 33 sec. 1
*Yalta Conference--- (2/4-2/11/1945
FDR, Churchill, Stalin meet to discuss what to do after Germany loses war.
--agreed to divide Germ. into zones of occupation controlled by Allied military forces.

3. Restructuring the Postwar World HSCE 8.1.1Ch. 33 sec. 1
*Yalta Conference Continued---
--Germ. pays USSR for its loss of life & prop.
--United Nations created---48 countries---based in N.Y.
--11 member body called Security Council
--5 permanent members of sec. council = U.S., USSR, France, Britain, China
**Purpose = to protect its members against military aggression!

5. US Goals in Europe 1. Encourage democracy in other countries
2. Gain access to raw materials & mrkts. to fuel huge, growing industries
3. Rebuild Euro govts. to promote stability & create new markets for U.S. goods
4. Reunite Germ. to stabilize it & increase the security of Europe

6. USSR Goals in Europe
1. Encourage communism in other countries as a worldwide workers’ revolution
2. Rebuild it war torn economy using E. Europe industrial equip. & raw materials
3. Control E. Europe to protect Soviet borders & balance the U.S. influence in W. Europe
4. Keep Germany divided to prevent them from waging war again.

7. Iron Curtain
*USSR lacks natural western border—fears another attack from the West
--Soviets pushed AH all the way back to Germany
--occupied those countries of Eastern Europe
**Stalin regarded these countries as a buffer—wall of protection against Germany
--He ignores Yalta Conference & puts in communist governments in E. European countries
--Stalin & Western nations divide Germany = East & West
*Containment---foreign policy adopted by Harry S Truman
--directed at blocking Soviet influence and stopping the expansion of communism

9. *Truman Doctrine---Truman’s support for countries that resisted communism---goes totally against the idea of U.S. isolationism!!
*Marshall Plan---Most of W. Europe is in ruins after the war
--scarcity of food and jobs
--George Marshall (Sec. of State)---has idea to give money to needy nations in Europe--$12.5 billion to help Europe
--plan was successful---helped countries NOT fall into communist hands

10. *Berlin Airlift---
Stalin held West Berlin hostage after Br., Fr. & U.S. got out
--Stalin wanted West Germ. to give up idea of unifying
--we flew in food & supplies for 11 months to help W. Germany
--eventually, Stalin admits defeat and ends the blockage.

11. Between the US & Soviet Union
Cold War
Between the US & Soviet Union
--North Atlantic Treaty Organization---NATO---U.S., Canada, & 10 other countries---defensive military alliance---attack on one is an attack on all….
4 April 1949
--Warsaw Pact---USSR, E. Germany, Czech., Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania—joined in response to NATO
*India & China stay out.
14 May 1955

15. *New threat to the world….nuclear warfare
--U.S. & Soviets each had nukes by 1953
--each capable of annihilating the other
*Brinkmanship---a willingness to go to the brink, or edge, of war
--required reliable source of nukes & planes to deliver them….all this lead to a HUGE arms race.
*Sputnik---Soviet satellite that was launched into space---By intercontinental ballistic missile
**Americans freak out!!!! We can’t have the Soviets be better than us! leads to Space Race!!!