1. Operational Risk Management (ORM) and the Driving Task

2. Sailors and Marines were among those casualties!
Why ORM?
1999
Estimated 6,289,000 police reported traffic crashes.
41,345 people killed.
3,200,000 people injured.
Risk of crash involvement among drivers years old is 4 times the risk among older drivers.
Sailors and Marines were among those casualties!

3. ORM TERMS
Hazard - A condition with the potential to cause illness, injury, death, property damage, or mission degradation.
Cause – Something that produces and effect, result, or consequence (i.e., the person, event or condition responsible for an action or result).
HAZARDS
CAUSES
Operating Equipment
Operator Error - Mechanical Failure
Weather
LTA Clothing - Limited Visibility
Change
New hazards & reduced effectiveness of controls

4. ORM TERMS
Risk - An expression of possible loss in terms of severity and probability.
Risk Assessment - The process of detecting hazards and assessing associated risks.

5. STEP #1: Identify Hazards
ORM FIVE-STEP PROCESS
STEP #1: Identify Hazards
List major steps in your operation/task.
Legs of your driving trip, etc.
Conduct a preliminary hazard analysis.
List hazards associated with each step/leg of your trip.
List the possible causes of the hazards.

6. ORM FIVE-STEP PROCESS
STEP #2: Assess Hazards Determine degree of risk for each hazard.
Risk Assessment Codes
1 = Critical
2 = Serious
3 = Moderate
4 = Minor
5 = Negligible
Review Categories
CAT I = Death, loss of asset
CAT II = Severe, injury
CAT III = Minor, injury
CAT IV = Minimal, injury
RAC MATRIX
MISHAP PROBABILITY
LIKELY
PROBABLY
MAY
UNLIKELY
HAZARD SEVERITY
CRITICAL 1 2 3
SERIOUS 4
MODERATE 5
MINOR
RISK ASSESSMENT CODE (RAC)
1-Critical 2-Serious 3-Moderate 4-Minor 5-Negligible

7. STEP #3: Make Risk Decisions
ORM FIVE-STEP PROCESS
STEP #3: Make Risk Decisions
Develop controls for each hazard.
Reduce until benefit>risk.
Develop controls for most serious hazard first.
Assess each hazard again with controls in place.
Is the task worth the risk?

8. STEP #4: Implement Controls
ORM FIVE-STEP PROCESS
STEP #4: Implement Controls
Incorporate your controls.
Communicate selected controls to the lowest level.

9. STEP #5: Supervise ORM FIVE-STEP PROCESS
Enforce your standards and controls.
Remain alert for changes and unexpected developments.
Take corrective action if needed.

10. ORM
QUESTIONS

11. ORM Principles Accept risk when benefits outweigh the cost.
Accept no unnecessary risk.
Anticipate and manage risk by planning.
Make risk decisions at the right level.

12. ORM AND SAFE DRIVING
ORM is a proven and successful tool for operational use, but it has equal application to many types of activities where there is risk associated. A good example is driver safety.
Photo

13. Sailors and Marines were among those casualties!
WHY ORM WHEN DRIVING?
Average of 114 persons die each day in motor vehicle crashes – one every 13 minutes.
Vehicle occupants accounted for 85.3% of traffic fatalities in 1998; remaining 14.7% were pedestrians, pedal cyclists, and other non-occupants.
The Naval Safety Center asserts that driver safety is our #1 readiness issue.
Sailors and Marines were among those casualties!

14. Your unit has been working extremely hard.
DRIVER SCENARIO
Your unit has been working extremely hard.
CO is granting a 3-day weekend.
You plan a trip.
Perception: Driving is not a high risk activity.
Reality: Driving is a high risk activity.

15. STEP #1 – IDENTIFY HAZARDS
Outline the steps in your trip.
List hazards.
What could go wrong during the trip?
What causes things to go wrong?

16. STEP #1 – IDENTIFY HAZARDS
What could go wrong during the trip?
FATIGUE
VEHICLE BREAKDOWN
DRUNK DRIVERS
SPEEDING
DIRECTIONALLY CHALLENGED
ROAD CONSTRUCTION
WEATHER & OTHER CONDITIONS
How can I prevent or diminish the associated risks?

17. STEP #2 – ASSESS HAZARDS FATIGUE – 1/1 VEHICLE BREAKDOWN – 3/5
RAC MATRIX
MISHAP PROBABILITY
LIKELY
PROBABLY
MAY
UNLIKELY
HAZARD SEVERITY
CRITICAL 1 2 3
SERIOUS 4
MODERATE 5
MINOR
RISK ASSESSMENT CODE (RAC)
1-Critical 2-Serious 3-Moderate 4-Minor 5-Negligible
FATIGUE – 1/1
VEHICLE BREAKDOWN – 3/5
DRUNK DRIVERS – 1/2
SPEEDING – 1/3
DIRECTIONALLY CHALLENGED – 3/5
ROAD CONSTRUCTION – 3/4
WEATHER & OTHER CONDITIONS – 1/1
FATIGUE – 1/1
WEATHER & OTHER CONDITIONS – 1/1
DRUNK DRIVERS – 1/2
SPEEDING – 1/3
ROAD CONSTRUCTION – 3/4
DIRECTIONALLY CHALLENGED – 3/5
VEHICLE BREAKDOWN – 3/5

18. STEP #3 – MAKE RISK DECISIONS
FOUR MAJOR AREAS:
1. DEVELOP CONTROLS.
2. REASSESS HAZARDS FOR RESIDUAL RISK.
3. DOES THE TASK BENEFIT OUTWEIGH THE RISK INVOLVED?
SHOULD YOU CANCEL, POSTPONE, OR REVISE?

19. STEP #4 – IMPLEMENT CONTROLS
MORAL COURAGE
JUDGMENT
COMMUNICATION SKILLS

20. STEP #5 - SUPERVISE
Enforce standards and controls.
Remain alert for changes.
Take corrective action when and where necessary.

21. Honor Courage Commitment
REVIEW
Principles
Accept risk when benefits outweigh the cost.
Accept no unnecessary risk .
Anticipate and manage risk by planning.
Make risk decisions at the right level.
Values
Accountable for actions. . . Be there for your shipmates…
‘Work smart’ avoid shortcuts/steps that may cause injury or damage… Minimize risk taking …
Plan ahead Take time to plan… Ask yourself the right questions. . .
Support the chain of command. . . Know that you have choices… Do the right thing. . .right…
Honor Courage Commitment

22. SUMMARY