1. Today we are going to look at some events, issues, and crises during the Jimmy Carter Presidency

2. U.S. Relationship with Israel
After WWII the state of Israel was created and the US quickly recognized its sovereignty.
The surrounding Arab nations – many of which were good friends of the US violently opposed Israel’s existence.
The US support of Jewish State during the Six Day War and the Yom Kippur War, upset many Arab nations (many of which turned to the USSR during the Cold War.)
This conflict complicated the US role in the Middle East.

3. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

4. The Energy Crises of the 1970s
The US dependence on foreign oil will have a major influence on foreign policy.
This resource will become a national security priority.
OPEC Oil Embargo
response to US support for Israel

5. Effects of the Energy Crises
Gas Shortages
Gas-price inflation
National Energy Policy
Seek alternative fuel sources
More fuel-efficient automobiles
More domestic petroleum exploration and production

6. Rise in Consumption Gas Guzzling “Muscle” Cars

7. Gas Shortage

8. Camp David Accords

9. Camp David Peace Accords
Anwar el-Sadat (EGYPT)
Menachem Begin (ISRAEL)
Met at Camp David Presidential Retreat Center, Maryland.

10. Camp David Peace Accords
The Camp David Accords were a major breakthrough in relations between countries.
Agreed to work on peace treaty.
Israel to withdraw from Sinai Peninsula (occupied since Six-Day War in 1967)
Egypt – First Arab country to recognize the existence of the nation of Israel

11. Quote on Camp David Accords
“The Camp David Accords rank as one of the most important achievements of the Carter administration. First, they opened the way to peace between Egypt and Israel, which transformed the entire political, military, and strategic character of the Middle East dispute. Genuine peace between Egypt and Israel meant there would be no major Arab-Israeli war, whatever the positions of [other Arab groups].”
Secretary of State Cyrus Vance

12. U.S. – Iran Relations

13. US-Iranian Relations US supported Shah (King) of Iran
The Shah had modernized Iran
Supplier of oil and pro-Western leadership in the region.
US overlooked repression and corruption of his administration

14. Khomeini takes power

15. The Iranian Revolution
Backed by Muslim Fundamentalists and liberal critics of the Shah
The Shah fled Iran
Replaced by Ayatollah Khomeini - who had been exiled
Extremely anti-Western
President Carter allowed the Shah into the US for cancer treatment.

16. Iran Hostage Crisis

17. Seized the US Embassy Followers of Khomeini seized US Embassy
66 American hostages taken
Hostages terrorized and threatened

18. 444 Days
American public grew increasingly impatient for hostages release
Carter tried to rescue:
Broke diplomatic relations with Iran
Froze Iranian assets in the US
1980 Commando Mission to rescue hostages (disastrous crash in Iranian desert)
8 US soldiers died and the US was internationally humiliated

19. Hostages released… Hostages released on Inauguration of Ronald Reagan
Reagan sent Carter an invitation (as a private citizen) to greet the freed hostages

20. Greeting Cards You must have words and image on front and
Hallmark claims to have a greeting card for all occasions.
You will need to Create 1 Greeting Card for each of the following: (4 total)
Energy Crisis
U.S. relationship with Israel
Iran Hostages
Camp David Accords
You must have words and image on front and
a corresponding message inside.