1. The Industrial Revolution

2. Industrial Revolution
The great increase of production that began in England during the 18th century

3. Steps To Industrialization
2nd Agricultural Revolution of the 1700s
1) Enclosure Movement
Wealthy landowners bought small farms and then enclosed it with hedges or fences
Experimented with seeding and harvesting methods
2) New farming methods
Seed drill
Allowed farmers to sow seeds in well-spaced rows at specific depths
Crop rotation
Best development
Instead of leaving a field lying fallow, farmers rotated their crops

5. “Enclosed” Lands Today

6. Which Leads TO…….. More food production More healthy people
Population growth
Need for more goods
Need for factories to make these goods
Need for people to move to cities to work the jobs.
More food production

7. Quick Recap
How did an agricultural revolution lead to industrialization?

8. Why Was Britain The First To Industrialize?
Political stability
No wars on their turf
Military success = positive outlook
Laws to encourage business ventures
Factors of Production
Resources needed to produce goods and services:
Land
Labor (workers)
Capital (wealth)

9. Why was Britain The First To Industrialize?
Resources
An expanding economy with a highly developed banking system (loans)
Natural resources:
Harbors (for merchant ships)
Water power
Rivers for inland transportation
Iron ore for machines, tools, and buildings
Coal to fuel new machines

11. Quick Recap
Why was Britain the first country to industrialize?

12. Industrial Revolution Inventions
First, The Textile Industry
Flying shuttle—doubled work of a weaver
Spinning jenny—spinning wheel that could work eight threads at a time
Power loom—sped up weaving
Bulky/heavy machines led to the need for factories (people used work at home weaving)
Factories housed the machines
Factories were built near rivers for water power

13. John Kay’s “Flying Shuttle”

14. The Power Loom

15. Industrial Revolution Inventions
Second, The Transportation Industry
Steam engine
Factories
Steam Ships
James Watt

16. The Engine

17. Transportation Industry BOOMS!
Created from Steam Engine
Effects of railroads:
Cheap transportation of goods (boosted fishing and agriculture industries)
New jobs for railroad workers and miners
Encouraged leisure travel and city jobs

19. MacAdams Roads
He recommends that roads be raised above adjacent ground to create good drainage and covered first with large rocks and then with smaller stones. The stones are then bound with fine gravel or slag (a modern substitute is tar). In 1827, as general surveyor of all roads in Great Britain, he oversees the building of what becomes known as macadam roads, which improve travel speeds and communications. They are quickly adopted in the United States.

21. Quick Recap
How did the textile and transportation industries revolutionize Great Britain?