1. Answer the 20 questions!

3. Thombus (Clot Formation)
Atheromas may rupture damaging the endothelium.
Releases clotting factors
Conversion of the enzyme prothrombin
Active form thrombin.
Thrombin affects fibrinogen to form threads of fibrin.
Fibrin threads form a meshwork that clots the blood.

4. Thombosis
Clot (thombus Formation) Atheromas may rupture damaging the endothelium. Releases clotting factors Conversion of the enzyme prothrombin Active form thrombin. Thrombin affects fibrinogen to form threads of fibrin. Fibrin threads form a meshwork that clots the blood.

5. Antocoagulants

6. Thombosis - Overview Atheromas may rupture damaging the endothelium.
The damage releases clotting factors that activate a cascade of reactions resulting in the conversion of the enzyme prothrombin to its active form thrombin.
Thrombin then causes molecules of the plasma protein fibrinogen to form threads of fibrin.
The fibrin threads form a meshwork that clots the blood, seals the wound and provides a scaffold for the formation of scar tissue.
The formation of a clot (thrombus) is referred to as thrombosis.
In some cases a thrombus may break loose forming an embolus and travel through the bloodstream until it blocks a blood vessel.
A thrombosis in a coronary artery may lead to a heart attack (myocardial infarction).
A thrombosis in an artery in the brain may lead to a stroke. Cells are deprived of oxygen leading to death of the tissues

7. Embolisms
In some cases a thrombus (clot) may break loose forming an embolus and travel through the bloodstream until it blocks a blood vessel.
A thrombosis in a coronary artery may lead to a heart attack (myocardial infarction).
A thrombosis in an artery in the brain may lead to a stroke.
Cells are deprived of oxygen leading to death of the tissues

8. Balancing Act

9. Peripheral (vessels) Vascular Disease
Peripheral vascular disease is narrowing of the arteries due to atherosclerosis of arteries other than those to the heart and brain.
The arteries to the legs are most commonly affected.
Pain is experienced in the leg muscles due to a limited supply of oxygen.
Other problems are due to clots

10. Clot Problems
A deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a blood clot that forms in a deep vein most commonly in the leg.
If the clot breaks off and travels through the bloodstream it may result in a pulmonary embolism (blood clot in the lungs (pulmonary)).

11. 1. Create a flow diagram for the formation of blood clots
Task
1. Create a flow diagram for the formation of blood clots
2. Think up a way to remember the chemical changes in the blood
Damage to vessels wall means blood can come into direct contact with collagen in wall
This causes LOADS of chemical changes in the blood:
Soluble plasma protein PROTHROMBIN is converted into THROMBIN (enzyme)
THROMBIN causes soluble plasma protein FIBRINOGEN to form long INSOLUBLE strands of protein FIBRIN
FIBRIN strands form tangled mess that traps blood cells to form a clot

12. Review Define these words; Thombin Prothrombin Fibrinogen Fibrin
Embolism