2. What time is it?

5. Major Concepts: a data structure model:
basic representation of data, such as integers, logic values, and characters
homogeneous data structures, such as arrays and strings
heterogeneous data structures, such as floating point numbers and records
accessing data structures, involving pointers and values, field extraction
addressing mode support for particular data structures.

6. Major Concepts: machine model: processor, memory, and I/O
processor data paths and register transfers
instruction cycle of fetch/execute and interrupts
bus interconnections
relative speeds and capacities of components
performance metrics, such as storage space, memory traffic, execution time.

7. Major Concepts (cont’d):
a programming language translation model:
compilation versus interpretation
steps: macro processing, compilation, assembly, link, load, execute
code generation issues demonstrating the relationship between HLL and machine code.

8. Major Concepts (cont’d):
a system model:
run-time environment, including stack frame and heap support
procedure call support, including such issues as parameter passing and register conventions
I/O support, such as level of intelligence in controllers and synchronization
operating system support, including memory protection and interrupts
sharing and reentrancy
virtual memory support.

9. Computer Systems Increasingly smaller Higher performance More memory
Lower power
Embedded
Everywhere
…but extremely complex