1. Nutrient adequacy and diet quality in overweight and non-overweight Hispanic Children – the VIVA LA FAMILIA Study
Theresa A. Wilson, MS, RD: USDA/ARS
Anne L. Adolph, BS: USDA/ARS
Nancy F. Butte, PhD.: USDA/ARS
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION
Wilson T, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 2009; 109 (June).

2. Nutrient adequacy and diet quality in overweight and non-overweight Hispanic Children – the VIVA LA FAMILIA Study
Hypothesis:
Overweight Hispanic children have higher energy intakes but lower diet quality than non-overweight Hispanic children.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION
Wilson T, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 2009; 109 (June).

3. Nutrient adequacy and diet quality in overweight and non-overweight Hispanic Children – the VIVA LA FAMILIA Study
Specific Aims:
Document the dietary intake of a cohort of 993 Hispanic children from low-socioeconomic status.
Assess the diet quality and nutrient adequacy compared to the US Dietary Guidelines.
Test for differences in diet quality and energy intake between overweight and non-overweight children.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION
Wilson T, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 2009; 109 (June).

4. Nutrient adequacy and diet quality in overweight and non-overweight Hispanic Children – the VIVA LA FAMILIA Study
Results: Macronutrient intakes of non-overweight and overweight Hispanic children enrolled in the VIVA LA FAMILIA Study
Carbohydrate (%E)
Energy (kcal/d)
Carbohydrate (g/d)
Protein (%E)
Protein (g/d)
Fat (g/d)
Fat (%E) †* ‡ *
Energy intake was higher in overweight compared to non-overweight children (P<0.02), adjusted for age and sex. The distribution of macronutrients differed only slightly between BMI groups. Mean fat intake as a percent of total energy approached the recommended upper limit of 35% in all groups.
‡ Sex X BMI status (P= )
† Sex (P= )
* BMI status (P= )
Non-overweight Boys
Overweight Boys
Non-overweight Girls
Overweight Girls
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION
Wilson T, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 2009; 109 (June).
BMI = Body Mass Index

5. Nutrient adequacy and diet quality in overweight and non-overweight Hispanic Children – the VIVA LA FAMILIA Study
Results: Fat and cholesterol intakes of non-overweight and overweight Hispanic children enrolled in the VIVA LA FAMILIA Study
Linoleic acid (g/d)
a-Linolenic acid (g/d)
SFA (g/d)
Cholesterol (mg/d)
SFA (%E) † †*
Mean intake of saturated fat exceeded the US Dietary Guidelines which limit SFA to ≤ 10% of total daily calories.
‡ Sex X BMI status (P=0.05)
† Sex (P= )
* BMI status (P= )
Non-overweight Boys
Overweight Boys
Non-overweight Girls
Overweight Girls
SFA = Saturated Fatty Acid
BMI = Body Mass Index
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION
Wilson T, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 2009; 109 (June). 5

6. Nutrient adequacy and diet quality in overweight and non-overweight Hispanic Children – the VIVA LA FAMILIA Study
Results: Dietary sugar intakes of non-overweight and overweight Hispanic children enrolled in the VIVA LA FAMILIA Study
Total Sugars (g/d)
Added Sugars (g/d)
Total Sugars
(%E)
Total fiber (g/d)
Added Sugars
Fructose (g/d) † ‡
Percent of energy from total sugars was nearly 30% and fiber intake fell well below the recommended 25 grams set by the US Dietary Guidelines.
‡ Sex X BMI status (P=0.05)
† Sex (P= )
* BMI status (P= )
Non-overweight Boys
Overweight Boys
Non-overweight Girls
Overweight Girls
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION
BMI = Body Mass Index
Wilson T, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 2009; 109 (June). 6

7. mean ± standard deviation
Nutrient adequacy and diet quality in overweight and non-overweight Hispanic Children – the VIVA LA FAMILIA Study
Results: Percent of total energy intake from the 15 food categories most commonly consumed by non-overweight and overweight Hispanic children enrolled in the VIVA LA FAMILIA Study
 Food Category
Boys
Girls
Non-overweight
Overweight
Non-Overweight n
220
274
265
234
mean ± standard deviation
Grains
10.8 ± 8.9
11.7 ± 7.7
11.0 ± 8.2
10.8 ± 7.7
Soda
6.7 ± 6.5
6.8 ± 6.6
5.5 ± 6.8
6.4 ± 6.8
Beefa
5.8 ± 7.9
5.5 ± 8.0
4.5 ± 6.3
5.1 ± 7.4
Dessertsa
5.6 ± 7.2
3.9 ± 6.3
5.3 ± 7.7
5.5 ± 7.7
Poultry
5.3 ± 8.5
6.1 ± 7.6
5.6 ± 8.2
5.3 ± 7.2
Cold cerealb
5.1 ± 5.9
3.9 ± 4.8
4.5 ± 5.4
3.2 ± 4.6
Pizza
4.9 ± 8.5
4.3 ± 8.5
4.2 ± 8.8
3.4 ± 6.9
Whole milkb
4.3 ± 6.2
3.2 ± 5.2
4.3 ± 7.0
3.0 ± 5.7
Snack chipsc
4.1 ± 6.6
3.3 ± 5.6
4.1 ± 6.0
5.7 ± 7.7
Fruit drinks
3.6 ± 5.5
3.4 ± 5.0
4.2 ± 6.2
Fruit juicec
2.8 ± 4.3
3.2 ± 5.0
4.1 ± 5.5
2.6 ± 4.1
Fruit
2.7 ± 3.8
2.6 ± 3.3
3.1 ± 4.2
2.9 ± 3.7
Processed meats
2.7 ± 4.7
3.8 ± 6.0
3.3 ± 5.1
3.1 ± 5.5
Other milk
2.7 ± 4.3
3.2 ± 4.9
2.7 ± 4.1
2.9 ± 4.5
Burgers
2.5 ± 6.2
3.2 ± 8.2
1.8 ± 5.1
2.5 ± 6.5
a Adjusted for family membership and age, significant difference by sex (P= )
b Adjusted for family membership and age, significant difference by BMId status (P= )
c Adjusted for family membership and age, significant interaction by sex X BMI status (P=0.004)
d BMI=body mass index
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION
Wilson T, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 2009; 109 (June). 7

8. mean ± standard deviation
Nutrient adequacy and diet quality in overweight and non-overweight Hispanic Children – the VIVA LA FAMILIA Study
Results: Number of food servings from 9 major USDA food groups consumed by non-overweight and overweight Hispanic children enrolled in the VIVA LA FAMILIA Study
 Food Group
Recommend-
ed Rangea
Boys
Girls
Non-overweight
Overweight
Non-Overweight n
220
274
265
234
mean ± standard deviation
Fruitsb
2-5
1.8 ± 2.0
1.8 ± 1.9
2.0 ± 2.0
1.5 ± 1.6
Vegetablesc
2-8
1.9 ± 1.8
1.9 ± 1.5
1.6 ± 1.3
1.8 ± 1.3
Grainsd
3-10
7.2 ± 3.3
6.9 ± 2.8
5.4 ± 2.2
5.8 ± 2.7
Meatse
2-7
4.8 ± 3.0
5.8 ± 3.5
3.8 ± 2.2
4.5 ± 2.8
Dairyd
2-3
2.4 ± 1.5
2.0 ± 1.2
2.0 ± 1.3
Fatsc
2.6 ± 2.5
2.9 ± 2.6
2.6 ± 2.3
2.6 ± 2.2
Sweets
1.0 ± 2.0
0.8 ± 1.5
0.9 ± 2.0
0.8 ± 1.2
Beveragese
2.7 ± 2.1
2.9 ± 2.3
2.0 ± 1.8
2.7 ± 1.9
Miscellaneousd
1.2 ± 1.7
1.0 ± 1.3
0.8 ± 1.1
Consumption of fruits and vegetables are well below recommendations from My Pyramid.
a Recommendations are based on MyPyramid b Adjusted for family membership and age, significant interaction by sex X BMIf status (P=0.003)
c Adjusted for family membership and age, significant difference by BMI status (P= ) d Adjusted for family membership and age, significant difference by sex (P=0.001)
e Adjusted for family membership and age, significant difference by sex, BMI status (P= ) f BMI=body mass index
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION
Wilson T, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 2009; 109 (June). 8

9. Nutrient adequacy and diet quality in overweight and non-overweight Hispanic Children – the VIVA LA FAMILIA Study
Results: Z-scores for vitamins of non-overweight and overweight Hispanic children enrolled in the VIVA LA FAMILIA Study
Z-score
Vitamin E
Vitamin A ‡ †
Vitamin C
Thiamin
Riboflavin
Niacin
Vitamin B6
Folate
Vitamin B12
Mean vitamin intakes did not differ between overweight and non-overweight children except vitamin E intake (girls only). Z-scores for assessment of nutrient adequacy exceeded 1.0, indicating mean usual intakes were most likely adequate in these children, except in the case of vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, and pantothenic acid.
Non-overweight Boys
Overweight Boys
Non-overweight Girls
Overweight Girls
‡ Sex X BMI status (P=0.03)
† Sex (P= )
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION
BMI = Body Mass Index
Wilson T, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 2009; 109 (June). 9

10. Nutrient adequacy and diet quality in overweight and non-overweight Hispanic Children – the VIVA LA FAMILIA Study
Results: Z-scores for minerals of non-overweight and overweight Hispanic children enrolled in the VIVA LA FAMILIA Study
Protein Ca Na K
z-score †* † P Mg Fe Zn Cu
Mean mineral intakes did not differ between overweight and non-overweight children except higher selenium and sodium intakes. Z-scores for assessment of nutrient adequacy exceeded 1.0, indicating mean usual intakes were most likely adequate in these children, except in the case of magnesium, calcium, and potassium. Sodium intake for all groups was > 2600 mg and exceeded the adequate intake level.
Non-overweight Boys
Overweight Boys
Non-overweight Girls
Overweight Girls
† Sex (P= )
* BMI status (P= )
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION
BMI = Body Mass Index
Wilson T, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 2009; 109 (June). 10

11. Summary and Conclusions
Nutrient adequacy and diet quality in overweight and non-overweight Hispanic Children – the VIVA LA FAMILIA Study
Summary and Conclusions
The z-scores for vitamin, protein, and mineral intakes of the diets of the children enrolled in the VIVA LA FAMILIA Study were adequate for most nutrients.
Excessive intakes of saturated fat, sugar, and sodium were reported, as well as low intakes of fruits and vegetables along with limited dietary variety. These dietary habits do not promote long-term health.
These findings were not different between overweight and non-overweight children except that the overweight children did report significantly greater amounts of energy than the non-overweight children.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION
Wilson T, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 2009; 109 (June). 11