8. Climate Zones of Africa
What is climate?
WEATHER CONDITIONS
Does climate matter to how people live?
YES!!!
AFRICA HAS THREE MAJOR CLIMATE ZONES

9. SAVANNA: grass, few trees, flat land

10. RAIN FOREST: jungle, many trees

11. DESERTS: dry, little water, sand everywhere

12. THE SAHEL – is an area of land that reaches from Senegal to Sudan most affected by the changes taking place in the SAHARA DESERT.

13. The trouble with the desert….
DESERTIFICATION – the rapid (fast) expansion of deserts.
CAUSES:
Overgrazing
Deforestation
Population increase
Drought

15. Earliest People of Africa
LUCY was the first hominid discovered in Ethiopia by Mary and Louis Leakey
Evidence of early Neolithic settlements were found
By 1000 CE a wave of migrations began throughout Africa
These were known as the BANTU migrations
WHY DO PEOPLE MOVE FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER?

17. Push – Pull Factors? What would make you leave a place?
What would make you go somewhere?

18. Why were African Trading Kingdoms important?

19. African Trading Kingdoms
THERE WERE THREE AFRICAN TRADING KINGDOMS
GHANA, MALI and SONGHAI
All located in west Africa
TRADE ROUTES (roads)CROSSED THE SAHARA DESERT

20. WHAT DID THEY TRADE?
GOLD
SALT

21. GHANA means “LAND OF GOLD” Gold was traded for SALT

22. Salt is necessary for life
Add salt water, evaporate, leave salt, repeat to achieve tablets of salt

24. Mali- 13th – 15th centuries

25. TRADE FROM MALI TO NORTH & WEST
TRADE ROUTES
BLOCKS OF SALT
NOMAD TRADERS
KINGDOM OF MALI

26. CULTURAL DIFFUSION EXCHANGE OF GOODS AND IDEAS
RELGIONS ARE SPREAD THROUGH TRADE
THE RELIGION OF ISLAM COMES FROM MIDDLE EAST TO AFRICA
IN MALI THE CITY OF TIMBUKTU BECAME A CENTER OF LEARNING

28. Mali under MANSA MUSA experienced a GOLDEN AGE
Mali’s Golden Age
Mali under MANSA MUSA experienced a GOLDEN AGE

29. WHAT IS A GOLDEN AGE?
GOLDEN AGE
A TIME WHEN THERE IS PEACE, CREATIVITY AND PROSPERITY (WEALTH)

30. HOMEWORK REVIEW
slash-and-burn agriculture = farming methods where forest is cut down and then burned.
nuclear family = a family where parents and children live and worktogether.
patrilineal = inheritance is passed down from the father’s side.
matrilineal = inheritance is passed down from the mother’s side.
lineage = group of households with a common ancestor.

31. What was the role of the griots?
GRIOTS = poets who told ancient stories to the people in the village.
WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT?

32. African Culture THE VILLAGE THE FAMILY RELIGION
Important parts of African Culture:
THE VILLAGE
THE FAMILY
RELIGION

34. How did European contact with Africa change the continent forever?
From the Atlantic Slave Trade to Colonialism

35. Atlantic Slave Trade
Between the 15th and 18th centuries millions of Africans were taken from Africa across the Atlantic to the New World
They were forced to work on plantations: large farms where slaves worked (cotton, tobacco, sugar)
Journey known as Middle Passage
Slave trade also called TRIANGLE TRADE

37. THE MIDDLE PASSAGE Conditions on the slave ships were terrible
Slaves were packed into the ships side by side and chained together
There was very little space around them and many became sick from the journey

39. SLAVE AUCTION (SALE) NOTICE

40. ONCE A SLAVE WAS BOUGHT HE or SHE WAS OFTEN BRANDED (marked)

41. SLAVES WERE BEATEN BY THEIR MASTERS (19th c slave)

42. What was the impact of the slave trade?
Population decline
Villages are wiped out
African culture is destroyed
Africans come to the Americas
IMPERIALISM or COLONIALISM BEGINS

43. Impact on Africa 20 MILLION WERE TAKEN
HALF MAY NOT HAVE SURVIVED THE JOURNEY
SLAVE TRADE CAUSED:
POPULATION DECLINE
FAMILIES TO BE TORN APART
MANY AFRICAN VILLAGES DISAPPEARED

44. Looking forward….. 1700s to 1800s:
AFRICA will be seen as valuable for its resources
During the INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Africa will be divided by European countries for those resources
1900s:
Africa will become tired of European control…

45. ABOLISH = TO END ABOLITIONISTS = PEOPLE WHO WANTED TO END SLAVERY
1802: DENMARK ENDED SLAVERY
1807: ENGLAND ENDED SLAVERY
1848: FRANCE ENDED SLAVERY
1865: THE U.S. ENDED SLAVERY