1. Meet the Brain

2. The Brain
i. Brain Stem
Medulla, Pons, Reticular Formation, Cerebellum, and the Thalamus
ii. Limbic System
Hypothalamus, Amygdala, and the Hippocampus
iii. Cerebral Cortex (Left and Right Hemispheres and the corpus callosum) Occipital Lobe, Parietal Lobe, Temporal Lobe, and the Frontal Lobe, Primary Motor Cortex and Primary Sensory Cortex, Wernicke's Area and Broca's Area

3. Hindbrain Highway
The Brainstem is the oldest part of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells and enters the skull. It is responsible for automatic survival functions.

4. The Hindbrain/Brainstem
State Troopers Monitor the rules of the road
Medulla “State Troopers” – attaches to spinal cord
Largely unconscious function control (blood circulation, breathing, muscle maintenance, regulation of reflexes like sneezing/coughing.

5. Hindbrain Highway
The Pons – “the bridge” fibers that connect brainstem with cerebellum to pass info.
Sleep and dreaming
Passing by Cerebellum city.
Cerebellum – highly folded “little brain” responsible for coordinating fine muscle movements and balance.

6. The Midbrain Reticular Rest Stop
Reticular formation – group of fibers that carry stimulation related to sleep and arousal through the brain stem.

7. The Thalamus: Sensory Relay
Thalamus Compass
All sensory information, except smell, must pass through to get to the cerebral cortex.

8. The Brain Stem/Hindbrain (Automatic Functions)
Brain Structure
Primary Function
Medulla
Respiration, blood pressure, heart rate
Pons
Puts you to sleep
Reticular Formation
Attention, regulates awareness
Cerebellum
Balance&coordination; implicit memory
Thalamus
Directs sensory information to the rest of the brain (except smell)

9. The Forebrain – largest most complex part
Welcome Cerebral City…
Composed of the hypothalamus, limbic system, and cerebrum.
Cerebrum – center for complex thought
Cerebral cortex – wrinkly surface of cerebrum, outer layer of the brain.

10. The Limbic System Welcome to Limbic Lane
The Limbic System is a doughnut-shaped system of neural structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebrum, associated with emotions such as fear, aggression and drives for food and sex. It includes the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus.

11. The Hypothalamus: Biological Needs Your “To Do” List
Controls autonomic nervous system.
Link between brain and endocrine system(Pituitary Gland)
The Four F’s
Control of sexual motivation, hunger, thirst, temp. regulation.

12. Meet the Hippo on the block..
Hippocampus – Mainly responsible for memory.
Without it… you wouldn’t live in the present.

13. Meet Miss Amy. G.D
Amygdala- Responsible for emotion. Mainly fear, anger and aggression.
Amy is a shut-in. She is very fearful of what will happen outside.

14. Rat with implanted electrode in pleasure center of Hypothalamus

15. Pleasure centers Pleasure centers are in the hypothalamus.
In studies, rats (not humans) did anything to trigger the pleasure center… walked across an electrified floor.
Humans and animals have a general reward system that triggers the release of dopamine.
Specific centers are associated with the pleasures of eating, drinking, sex & others.
Animals are equipped with built-in systems that reward activities essential to survival.
Some researchers believe that addictive disorders may stem from a reward deficiency syndrome

16. Limbic System (Emotion Center)
Brain Structure
Primary Function
Hypothalamus
Food, fight/flight, Fahrenheit, sex
Amygdala
Fear & Agression
Hippocampus
STM to LTM

18. Brain Plasticity
Brain plasticity, also known as neuroplasticity or cortical remapping, is a term that refers to the brain's ability to change and adapt as a result of experience.
Damaged neurons do not heal (once the spinal cord is damaged, you remain paralyzed)
Some damaged areas do not heal (if you damage your frontal lobe, the damage may be permanent)
However, sometimes brains can be “rewired” to repair damage such as in stroke victims
If a tumor grows in the left side of your brain, the right side will compensate
If one eye is weaker than the other, the other eye will compensate
Scientists are working on a process called neurogenesis—formation of new neurons (mass producing stem cells in a lab and injecting them into damaged brains)

19. Cerebrum
Corpus
Collosum
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Hippocampus
Amygdala
Reticular Formation
Pons
Brain Stem
Cerebellum
Medulla