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Chapter 4 Section 3 Mixtures Bellringer The book describes pizza as a mixture. What other foods can be described as mixtures?
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Chapter 4 Objectives Describe three properties of mixtures.
Section 3 Mixtures Objectives Describe three properties of mixtures. Describe four methods of separating the parts of a mixture. Analyze a solution in terms of its solute and solvent.
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Chapter 4 Objectives, continued
Section 3 Mixtures Objectives, continued Explain how concentration affects a solution. Describe the particles in a suspension. Explain how a colloid differs from a solution and a suspension.
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Properties of Mixtures
Chapter 4 Section 3 Mixtures Properties of Mixtures A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined. No chemical changes happen when a mixture is made. So, each substance has the same chemical makeup it had before the mixture was formed. Mixtures can be separated by using physical changes. Physical changes do not change the identities of the substances.
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Chapter 4 Section 3 Mixtures
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Properties of Mixtures, continued
Chapter 4 Section 3 Mixtures Properties of Mixtures, continued The components of a mixture do not need to be mixed in a definite ratio. For example, granite is a mixture of three minerals. Different ratios of the minerals give granite different colors, but the mixture is always called granite.
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Mixtures and Compounds
Chapter 4 Section 3 Mixtures Mixtures and Compounds Mixtures Made of elements, compounds, or both No change in original properties of components Separated by physical means Formed using any ratio of components Compounds Made of elements Change in original properties of components Separated by chemical means Formed using a set ratio of components
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Chapter 4 Section 3 Mixtures Solutions A solution is a mixture that appears to be a single substance. The process in which particles of substances separate and spread evenly throughout a mixture is known as dissolving. In a solution, the solute is the substance that is dissolved. The solvent is the substance in which the solute is dissolved.
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Chapter 4 Section 3 Mixtures Solutions Liquid solutions include soft drinks, gasoline, and tap water. Solutions may also be gases, such as air. Solutions may also be solids, such as steel. Alloys are solid solutions of metals or nonmetals dissolved in metals. The particles in solutions are so small that they never settle out. They also cannot be removed by filtering. The particles in solutions are so small that they don’t even scatter light.
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Concentrations of Solutions
Chapter 4 Section 3 Mixtures Concentrations of Solutions A measure of the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent is concentration. Solutions can be described as being concentrated or dilute. But these two terms do not tell you the amount of solute that is dissolved.
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Chapter 4 Section 3 Mixtures
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Concentrations of Solutions
Chapter 4 Section 3 Mixtures Concentrations of Solutions Solubility is the ability of a solute to dissolve in a solvent at a certain temperature. The solubility of most solids in water increases with temperature.
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Chapter 4 Section 3 Mixtures
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Concentrations of Solutions
Chapter 4 Section 3 Mixtures Concentrations of Solutions Gases become less soluble in liquids as the temperature is raised. Three ways to make a soild solute dissolve faster are mixing the solution, heating the solution, and crushing the solute into smaller particles.
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Chapter 4 Section 3 Mixtures
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Chapter 4 Section 3 Mixtures Suspensions A suspension is a mixture in which particles of a material are dispersed throughout a liquid or a gas but are large enough that they settle out. The particles in a suspension are large enough to scatter or block light. A suspension can be separated by passing it through a filter.
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Chapter 4 Section 3 Mixtures Colloids A colloid is a mixture in which the particles are dispersed throughout but are not heavy enough to settle out. Particles in a colloid are large enough to scatter light. A colloid cannot be separated by passing it through a filter.
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Chapter 4 Section 3 Mixtures
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Chapter 4 Section Summary
Section 3 Mixtures Section Summary A mixture is a combination of two or more substances, each of which keeps its own characteristics. Mixtures can be separated by physical means, such as filtration and evaporation. A solution is a mixture that appears to be a single substance but is composed of a solute dissolved in a solvent. Concentration is a measure of the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent.
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Chapter 4 Section Summary
Section 3 Mixtures Section Summary The solubility of a solute is the ability of the solute to dissolve in a solvent at a certain temperature. Suspensions are mixtures that contain particles large enough to settle out or be filtered and to block or scatter light. Colloids are mixtures that contain particles that are too small to settle out or be filtered but are large enough to scatter light.
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