1. Lt. Bill O’Leary (Ret.) Friday, April 8th, 2016 Stone Hill Middle School

2. Words to Know Reasonable Suspicion Search and Seizure Probable Cause
Due process of law
Bail
Probation
Parole
Original jurisdiction
Appellate jurisdiction
Search and Seizure
Separation of Powers
Executive, Legislative and Judicial
Right Against
Self- Incrimination
Proof Beyond a Reasonable Doubt
Misdemeanor
Felony

3. Separation of Powers Three branches of government Legislative
Executive
Judicial

4. Checks and Balances
The U.S. government is set up so not one branch has more power than the others
Executive branch can veto legislation
Legislative branch can override a veto
Judicial branch can interpret and make laws unconstitutional

5. Amendments for Consideration by Law Enforcement
4th Amendment: “Search and Seizure”
5th Amendment: “Self-Incrimination” / “Miranda Warning”
6th Amendment: “Trial by jury”
14th Amendment: “Due Process”

6. 4th Amendment Summary Right against search and seizure
Protection against search without warrant

7. “Reasonable suspicion”
The officer has more than a hunch that criminal activity is at hand.
To have either probable cause or reasonable suspicion, an officer must be able to cite specific facts to warrant the intrusion (search/arrest).
Items related to suspected criminal activity found in a search may be taken, or seized, by the officer.

8. “Probable cause”
The officer must have enough trustworthy facts to believe that a crime has been committed.
In some cases, an officer may only need a reasonable suspicion of criminal activity to conduct a limited search.

9. Exceptions to the 4th Amendment
(1) Consent exception
(2) Search incident to a lawful arrest exception
(3) Automobile exception
(4) Investigatory stop exception
(5) Plain view exception
(6) Exigency exception
(7) Inventory searches exception
(8) Entry to arrest with arrest warrant exception
(9) Search of probationer’s home exception

10. 5th Amendment Summary Right against self-incrimination
Right to an attorney

11. Miranda Warning You have the right to remain silent.
Anything you say or do can and will be held against you in a court of law.
You have the right to speak to an attorney.
If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed for you.
Do you understand these rights as they have been read to you?

12. Courts United States Virginia U.S. Supreme Court U.S. Court of Appeals
U.S. District Court
Virginia
Virginia Supreme Court
Court of Appeals of Virginia
Circuit Court
General District Court

13. Courts Criminal Procedure Arrest Arraignment Bail
Felony vs. misdemeanor
Adult vs. juvenile
Arraignment
Bail
Trial vs. Plea vs. Dismissal
Sentencing / Outcome
Probation vs. Parole
Appeals

14. Becoming a Police Officer
Clean record
Physically fit
Many have college degree
Written test
Physical test
Psychological exam
Polygraph
Background investigation
Academy
FTO

15. Aspects of being a Police Officer
Patrol
Detectives
Special Teams
K-9
SWAT
Hostage
Dive Team
Search and Rescue
Crowd Control
Evidence Recovery
Many more

16. Real Life Cases with Lt. O’Leary
“Math in the Crash”
The Glass Burglary
The Eaten Apple
The Crowbar
The Floods

17. What is a Police Officer?
Lawyer
Sociologist
Psychologist
Doctor
Marriage Counselor
Negotiator
Many times a split-second decision by a Police Officer faces a lifetime of review

18. Questions?